O
- Oberlin, Jeremiah James (1735–1806)
- Obrecht, Ulric (?–1701)
- Obsequens, Juuus
- Occam, William Of
- Occo, Adolphus (1524–1564)
- Occleve
- Ocellus, Lucanus
- Ochinus, Bernardin (1487–1564)
- Ockley, Simon (1678–?)
- Odington, Walter
- Odo, Saint (879–943)
- Odo, Cantianus (?–1200)
- Oecolampadius, John (1482–?)
- Oecumenius
- Oeder, George Christian (1728–?)
- Oeser, Frederic (1717–1799)
- Ofihely, Maurice (?–1513)
- Ogden, Samuel (1716–1778)
- Ogilby, John (1600–1676)
- Oglethorpe, James Edward (1698–1785)
- Oisel, James (1631–?)
- Okely, Francis (1718–1794)
- Okolski, Simon
- Olahus, Nicholas (1493–1568)
- Olaus Magnus
- Oldcastle, Sir John
- Oldenburg, Henry (1626–?)
- Oldenburger, Philip Andrew (?–1678)
- Oldfield, Anne (1683–?)
- Oldham, Hugh
- Oldham, John (1653–?)
- Oldisworth, William (?–1734)
- Oldmixon, John (1673–1789)
- Oldys, William (1696–1708)
- Olearius, Adam (1599–1671)
- Olearius, Godfrey (?–1715)
- Oleaster, Jerome (1545–1563)
- Oley, Barnabas (1635–?)
- Oliva, Alexander (1408–1463)
- Oliva, John (1689–?)
- Oliver, Isaac (1556–1617)
- Oliver, Peter (1601–?)
- Olivet, Joseph Thoulier D' (1682–?)
- Olivetan, Robert (?–1538)
- Oliveyra, Francis Xavier De (1702–1783)
- Olivieri, Hannibal (1708–1789)
- Olympiodorus
- Olzoffski, Andrew (1618–?)
- Onkelos
- Onosander
- Onuphrius
- Opie, John (1761–?)
- Opitius, Henry (1642–1712)
- Opits, Martin (1597–?)
- Oporinus, John (1507–1527)
- Oppian
- Opstraet, John (1651–?)
- Optatus
- Oregius, Augustine (1577–1635)
- Oresme, Nicholas (?–1382)
- Oribasius
- Origen (185–?)
- Orlandini, Nicholas (1554–1606)
- Orleans, Lewis Duke Of (1703–1724)
- Orleans, Peter Joseph D' (1644–1698)
- Orme, Robert (1728–?)
- Ormerod, Oliver (1619–?)
- Orobio, Balthasar (?–1687)
- Orontius
- Orosius, Paul
- Orpheus
- Orsato, Sertorio (1617–1678)
- Orsi, John Joseph (1652–1733)
- Orsi, Francis Joseph Augustine (1692–?)
- Orsini
- Ortelius, Abraham (1527–?)
- Orton, Job (1717–1747)
- Orville, James-Philip D' (1696–1739)
- Osborne, Francis (1589–?)
- Osiander, Andrew (1498–1552)
- Osiander, Andrew (1562–1617)
- Osiander, John Adam (?–1697)
- Osius, Felix (1587–1631)
- Osmund, St. (?–1099)
- Osorio, Jerome (1506–?)
- Osorio, Jehome
- Ossat, Arnaud D' (1526–1581)
- Ostade, Adrian Van (1610–1685)
- Ostervald, John Frederick (1663–?)
- Oswald, Erasmus (1511–1579)
- Otho Venius
- Otho Of Frisingen (?–1158)
- Ott, John Henry (1617–1682)
- Otto
- Otway, Thomas (1651–1685)
- Oudin, Casimir (1638–1717)
- Oudin, Francis (1673–1752)
- Oughtred, William (1573–1660)
- Ousel, Philip (1671–1717)
- Ouvrard, Rene' (?–1694)
- Overall, John (1559–1619)
- Overbury, Sir Thomas (1581–?)
- Ovidius, Publius Naso
- Oviedo, John Gonsales D' (1478–?)
- Owen, George (1519–1558)
- Owen, Henry (1716–1795)
- Owen, John
- Owen, John (1616–?)
- Owen, Lewis (1572–?)
- Owen, Thomas (?–1598)
- Owtram, William (1625–1679)
- Ozanam, James (1640–1701)
- Ozell, John (?–1743)
- Paas
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