SHOT

, in the Military Art, includes all sorts of balls or bullets for fire arms, from the cannon to the pistol. As to those for mortars, they are usually called shells.

Shot are mostly of a round form, though there are other shapes. Those for cannon are of iron; but those for muskets and pistols are of lead.

Cannon shot and shells are usually set up in piles, or heaps, tapering from the base towards the top; the base being either a triangle, a square, or a rectangle; | from which the number in the pile is easily computed. See Pile.

The weight and dimensions of balls may be found, the one from the other, whether they are of iron or of lead. Thus,

The weight of an iron ball of 4 inches diameter, is 9lb, and because the weight is as the cube of the diameter, therefore as 4³ : 9 :: d³ : (9/64) d³ = w, the weight of the iron ball whose diameter is d; that is, 9/64 of the cube of its diameter. And, conversely, if the weight be given, to find the diameter, it will be ; that is, take 64/9 or 7 1/9 of the weight, and the cube root of that will be the diameter of the iron ball.

For leaden balls; one of 4 1/4 inches diameter weighs 17 pounds; therefore as the cube of 4 1/4 is to 17, or nearly as 9 : 2 :: d³ : (2/9)d³ = w, the weight of the leaden ball whose diameter is d, that is, 2/9 of the cube of the diameter. On the contrary, if the weight be given, to find the diameter, it will be ; that is, 9/2 or 4 1/2 of the weight, and the cube root of the product. See my Conic Sections and Select Exercises, pa. 141.

SHOULDER of a Bastion, in Fortification, is the angle where the face and the flank meet.