, or Andradius, a learned Portuguese, was born in 1528, at Coimbra, and distinguished
, or Andradius, a
learned Portuguese, was born in 1528, at Coimbra, and
distinguished himself at the council of Trent, where king
Sebastian sent him as one of his divines. He pveached
before the assembly the second Sunday after Easter in
1562: nor was he contented with the service he did in
explaining those points upon which he was consulted, but
he employed his pen in defence of the canons of the
council, in a treatise entitled “Orthodoxarum explicationum, lib. x.
” Venice, Examen concilii Tridentini,
” Andrada thought himself obliged to defend his
first piece against this learned adversary. He composed
therefore a book, which his two brothers published after
his death, at Lisbon, in 1578, 4to, entitled “Defensio
Tridentinse fidei catholicse quinque libris comprehensa,
adversus ha^reticorum calumnias, et praesertim Martini
Chernnitii.
” This work is likewise very difficult to be met
with. There is scarce any catholic author who has been
more quoted by the protestants than he, because he maintained the opinions of Zuinglius, Erasmus, &c. concerning the salvation of the heathens. Andrada was esteemed
an excellent preacher: his sermons were published in
three parts, the second of which was translated into Spanish by Benedict de Alarcon. The Bibliotheque of the
Spanish writers does not mention all his works; the book
he wrote concerning the pope’s authority, during the
council (“De conciliorum autoritate,
”) in Ort&odox explanations of
Andradius,
” gives him the character of a man of wit, vast
application, great knowledge in the languages, with all the
zeal and eloquence necessary to a good preacher; and
Rosweidus says, that he brought to the council of Trent
the understanding of a most profound divine, and the eloquence of a consummate orator.
, a learned Portuguese theatine monk, was born at Collares in Estremadura,
, a learned Portuguese theatine monk, was born at Collares in Estremadura,
in 1676, and died at Lisbon in 1749. He was one of the
iirat members of the Portuguese academy of history, and
contributed various historical papers to their Memoirs; but
the works on which his reputation chiefly rests, are, 1. i: De
Antiquitatibus conventus Bracarugustani, libri IV.“1728,
4to. and 1738, an improved edition. This work evinces
the research of a profound antiquary. 2.
” Memoires pour
servir a Phistoire del'eglise primatiale de Brague,“Lisbon,
1732 44, o vols. 4to. 3.
” Regras de lingoa Portugueza."
Lisbon, 1725, 8vo. His other works were Sermons, and
Lives of the saints.
e continued at Paris, he withdrew himself privately to Bourdeaux, at the invitation of Andrew Govea, a learned Portuguese, who was principal of a new college in that
, a Scottish historian, and Latin poet, of great eminence, and uncommon abilities and
learning, was descended from an ancient family, and was
born at Killairn, in the shire of Lenox, in Scotland, in the
month of February 1506. His father died of the stone in
the prime of life, whilst his grandfather was yet living; by
whose extravagance the family, which before was but in
low circumstances, was now nearly reduced to the extremity of want. He had, however, the happiness of a very
prudent mother, Agnes, the daughter of James Heriot of
Trabrown, who, though she, was left a widow with five sons
and three daughters, brought them all up in a decent manner, by judicious management. She had a brother, Mr.
James Heriot, who, observing the marks of genius which
young George Buchanan discovered when at school, sent
him to Paris in 1520 for his education. There he closely
applied himself to his studies, and particularly cultivated
his poetical talents but before he had been there quite
two years, the death of his uncle, and his own ill state of
health, and want of money, obliged him to return home.
Having arrived in his native country, he spent almost a
year in endeavouring to re-escablish his health; and in
1523, in order to acquire some knowledge of military affairs, he made a campaign with the French auxiliaries,
who came over into Scotland with John duke of Albany.
But in this new course of life he encountered so many
hardships, that he was confined to his bed by sickness all
the ensuing winter. He had probably much more propensity to his books, than to the sword; for early in the following spring he went to St. Andrews, and attended the
lectures on logic, or rather, as he says, on sophistry, which
were read in that university by John Major, or Mair, a
professor in St. Saviour’s college, and assessor to the dean,
of Arts, whom he soon after accompanied to Paris. After
struggling for about two years with indigence and ill fortune, he was admitted, in 1526, being then not more than
twenty years of age, in the college of St. Barbe, where he
took the degree of B. A. in 1527, and M. A. in 1528, and
in 1529 was chosen procurator nationis, and began then to
teach grammar, which he continued for about three years.
But Gilbert Kennedy, earl of Cassils, a young Scottish
nobleman, being then in France, and happening to fall
into the company of Buchanan, was so delighted with his
wit, and the agreeableness of his manners, that he prevailed upon him to continue with him five years. According to Mackenzie, he acted as a kind of tutor to this young
nobleman; and, during his stay with him, translated Linacre’s Rudiments of grammar out of English into Latin;
which was printed at Paris, by Robert Stephens, in 1533,
and dedicated to the earl of Cassils. He returned to Scotland with that nobleman, whose death happened about two
years after; and Buchanan had then an inclination to return to France: but James V. king of Scotland prevented
him, by appointing him preceptor to his natural son,
James, afterwards the abbot of Kelso, who died in 1548,
and not, as some say, the earl of Murray, regent of that
kingdom. About this time, he wrote a satirical poem
against the Franciscan friars, entitled, “Somnium;
”
which irritated them to exclaim against him as a heretic.
Their clamours, however, only increased the dislike which
he hud conceived against them on account of their disorderly and licentious lives; and inclined him the more
towards Lutheranism, to which he seems to have had before
no inconsiderable propensity. About the year 1538, the
king having discovered a conspiracy against himself, in
which he suspected that some of the Franciscans were concerned, commanded Buchanan to write a poem against
that order. But he had probably already experienced the
inconveniency of exasperating so formidable a body; for
he only wrote a few verses which were susceptible of a
double interpretation, and he pleased neither party. The
king was dissatisfied, that the satire was not more poignant; and the friars considered it as a heinous offence, to
mention them in any way that was not honourable. But
the king gave Buchanan a second command, to write
against them with more seventy; which he accordingly
did in the poem, entitled, “Franciscanus;
” by which he
pleased the king, and rendered the friars his irreconcileable enemies. He soon found, that the animosity of these
ecclesiastics was of a more durable nature than royal favour: for the king had the meanness to suffer him to feel
the weight of their resentment, though it had been chiefly
excited by obedience to his commands. It was not the
Franciscans only, but the clergy in general, who were incensed against Buchanan: they appear to have made a
common cause of it, and they left no stone unturned till
they had prevailed with the king that he should be tried
for heresy. He was accordingly imprisoned at the beginning of 1539, but found means to make his escape, as he
says himself, out of his chamber-window, while his guards
were asleep. He fled into England, where he found king
Henry the Eighth persecuting both protestants and papists.
Not thinking that kingdom, therefore, a place of safety,
he again went over into France, to which he was the more
inclined because he had there some literary friends, and
was pleased with the politeness of French manners. But
when he came to Paris, he had the mortification to find
there cardinal Beaton, who was his great enemy, and who
appeared there as ambassador from Scotland. Expecting,
therefore, to receive some ill offices from him, if he continued at Paris, he withdrew himself privately to Bourdeaux, at the invitation of Andrew Govea, a learned Portuguese, who was principal of a new college in that city.
Buchanan taught in the public schools there three years; in
which time he composed two tragedies, the one entitled,
“Baptistes, sive Calurania,
” and the other “Jephthes,
Votum;
” and also translated the Medea and Alcestig
of Euripides. These were all afterwards published;-but
they were originally written in compliance with the rules
of the school, which every year required some new dramatic exhibition; and his view in choosing these subjects
was, to draw off the youth of France as much as possible
from the allegories, which were then greatly in vogue, to
a just imitation of the ancients; in which he succeeded beyond his hopes. During his residence at Bourdeaux, the
emperor Charles V. passed through that city; upon which
Buchanan presented his imperial majesty with an elegant
Latin poem, in which the emperor was highly complimented, and at which he expressed great satisfaction. But
the animosity of cardinal Beaton still pursued our poet:
for that haughty prelate wrote letters to the archbishop of
Bourdeaux, in which he informed him, that Buchanan had
fled his country for heresy; that he had lampooned the
church in most virulent satires; and that if he would put
him to the trial, he would find him a most pestilentious
heretic. Fortunately for Buchanan, these letters fell into
the hands of some of his friends, who found means to prevent their effects: and the state of public affairs in Scotland, in consequence of the death of king James V. gave
the cardinal so much employment, as to prevent any farther prosecution of his rancour against Buchanan.
, a learned Portuguese ecclesiastic, was born at Lisbon in 1523,
, a learned Portuguese ecclesiastic, was born at Lisbon in 1523, and entered among the Dominicans in February 1539. Having
acquired a critical knowledge of the Latin, Greek, and
Hebrew languages, king John III. sent him to study theology in the university of Paris, where he became distinguished for his proficiency. On his return to Lisbon
the king appointed him his preacher, and prince Louis at
the same time entrusted to him the education of his son.
Of all the divines sent by king Sebastian to the council of
Trent in 1561, he held the first place in respect of talents.
It is said that one day when he was about to ascend the
pulpit, he asked the fathers of the council, who were his
auditors, in what language they would wish to hear him
preach, such facility he had in all the modern languages.
In consideration of his uncommon merit these fathers
appointed him a member of that celebrated council of
Feb. 26, 1562. He was also appointed secretary to the
committee for examining and condemning such publications as they thought unfit to be disseminated, and this
office was ever after given to a monk of his order. The
fathers of the council afterwards sent him on an important
mission to pope Pius IV. who discovering his talents, and
knowing his integrity, conferred upon him the place of
confessor to his nephew, the cardinal St. Charles Borromeo.
At Rome he was also employed to reform the Breviary and
the Roman Missal, and to compose the Roman catechism.
This detained him at Rome for some time; but having at
length returned to Portugal, he was chosen prior of the
Dominican convent at Lisbon in 1568. His other offices
were those of confessor to king John III. and the princess
Mary, daughter of king Emanuel, qualificator of the inquisition, and deputy of the tribunal of conscience, and of
the military orders. From the profits of these places he
built the convent of St. Paul in the village of Almada, opposite Lisbon, and there he died, Feb. 10, 1581. He published an oration at the council of Trent, and the catechism
and breviary mentioned above; but his principal work was
a commentary of Isaiah, “Isaiae prophetae vetus et nova
ex Hebraico versio, cum commentario, &c.
” Venice, Critici Sacri,
”
, in Latin Goveanus, a learned Portuguese, of the fourteenth century, was born at Beja,
, in Latin Goveanus, a learned
Portuguese, of the fourteenth century, was born at Beja,
and appointed principal of the college of St. Barbe at Paris,
where he educated three nephews, who became celebrated
for their learning. Martial Govea, the eldest, was a
good Latin poet, and published a “Latin Grammar
” at
Paris. Andrew, his next brother, a priest, born in 1498,
succeeded his uncle as principal of St. Barbe, and gained
so great a reputation there, that he was invited to accept
the same office in the college of Guienne, at Bourdeaux.
This invitation he accepted in 1534, and continued at
Bourdeaux till 1547, when John III. king of Portugal, recalled him to his dominions, to establish a college at Coimbra, similar to that of Guienne; and Govea took with him
into Portugal the celebrated Buchanan, Grouchi, Guerenti,
Fabricius, la Costa, and other men of learning, well qualified to instruct youth. He died June 1S48, at Coimbra,
leaving no printed work. Anthony Govea, the youngest
of these three brothers, and the most eminent of all, wrote
several pieces on philosophy and law, and is mentioned
with great encomiums by Thuanus, Ronsard, and all the
learned. He taught with reputation at Bourdeaux, afterwards at Cahors, and Valence in Dauphiny, and died in
1565, aged sixty, at Turin, to which place Philibert had
invited him. His principal works are, an “Apologetical
Discourse
” against Calvin, who had accused him of atheism
in his treatise on scandal; some works on law, fol.; “
Variarum lectionum Libri duo,
” fol. editions of Virgil and
Terence, with notes “Epigrammatum Libri duo,
” and
“Epistolee.
” The whole was printed at Rotterdam, Consilia;
” “Notes
on Julius Florus;
” some “Poetry,
” and a funeral oration
on the death of Philip II. king of Spain.
, a learned Portuguese Dominican of the sixteenth century, was born
, a learned Portuguese Dominican of the sixteenth century, was born at Azambaja. In
1545 he attended the council of Trent, as Theologian from
John III. king of Portugal. He refused a bishopric at his
return; but consented to the appointment of inquisitor of
the faith, and held the principal offices of the Dominican
order in his province. He died in 1563. He has Jeft
“Commentaries on the Pentateuch,
” Lisbon, Isaiah,
” Paris,
, a learned Portuguese divine, descended from an illustrious family,
, a learned Portuguese divine, descended from an illustrious family, was born at Lisbon in 1506. Discovering an extraordinary inclination for literature, he was sent, at thirteen, to the university of Salamanca; where having studied Greek and Latin, and law, he removed at nineteen to Paris, to be instructed in Aristotle’s philosophy, which was then the vogue. From Paris he went to Bologna, where he devoted himself to the study of the sacred Scriptures, and the Hebrew language; and he acquired such reputation, as a theologist, that, on his return home, John III. king of Portugal appointed him professor of divinity at Coimbra, Taking priest’s orders, the care of the church of Tavora was given him by Don Lewis infant of Portugal; and, soon after, the archdeaconry of Evora by cardinal Henry, archbishop of that province, and brother to king John; and at last he was nominated to the bishopric of Sylves in Algarva, by Catharine of Austria, that king’s widow, who was regent of the kingdom during the minority of her grandson Sebastian. When this prince became of age to take the administration of the kingdom into his own hands, he resolved upon an expedition against the Moors in Africa, much against the persuasions of Osorio who, to avoid being an eye-witness of the calamities he dreaded, made various pretences to go to Rome. Here pope Gregory XIII. gave him many testimonies of his esteem: but he had not been absent above a year, when the king recalled him home; and not long after, Sebastian was killed in the battle of Alcazer, against the Moors, Aug. 4, 1578. During the tumults in Portugal which succeeded this fatal event, Osorio took every means to prevent the people of his diocese from joining in them; but the miseries of his country at this juncture are said to have broke his heart, and he died of grief, Aug. 20, 1580, aged seventy-four.
, a learned Portuguese Jesuit, was born in 1530, at Conde, in the
, a learned Portuguese Jesuit,
was born in 1530, at Conde, in the province of Douro, and
entered the society in 1545. After the usual course of
studies, he taught at Coimbra, Rome, and other places,
and was considered as an excellent preacher and interpreter of the scriptures, on which last account he was employed, by pope Pius V. on a new edition of the Bible. He
died at Arona, in the Milanese, Dec 30, 1596, in the
sixty-sixth year of his age. His chief works are “Scholia in quatuor Evangelia,
” Antwerp and Cologn, Notationes in totam s cram Scripturam,
” &c. Antwerp, Aphorismi Confessariorum,
” printed first at Venice,
, a learned Portuguese Dominican, was born in 1543. He was prior
, a learned Portuguese Dominican, was born in 1543. He was prior of the convent
at Santaren, 1578, when king Sebastian undertook the African expedition in which he perished. Cardinal Henry,
who succeeded him, dying soon after, Texeira joined the
friends of Anthony, who had been proclaimed king by the
people, and constantly adhered to him. He accompanied
this prince into France, 1581, to solicit help against Philip
II. who disputed the crown with him. Though Anthony’s
almoner, he was honoured with the title of preacher and
counsellor to Henry III; and after the death of that monarch, attached himself to Henry IV“. with whom he became a great favourite. He died about 1620. Texiera’s
works clearly discover his hatred of the Spaniards, and his
aversion to Philip II. who took Portugal from prince Anthony. It is asserted, that as he was preaching one day on
the love of our neighbour, he said,
” We are obliged to
love all men of whatever religion, sect, or nation, even
Castilians.“His political, historical, and theological writings are very numerous.
” De Portugallioe ortu,“Paris,
1582, 4to, 70 pages, scarce. A treatise
” On theOrifi'tmme,“1598, 12mo;
” Adventures of Don Sebastian," 8vo.