, a very conspicuous racter during the republican state of England,
, a very conspicuous
racter during the republican state of England, descended
from an ancient family in Devonshire, was the younger son
of sir Anthony Rons, knight, by Elizabeth, his first wife,
daughter of Thomas Southcote, gent. He was born at
Halton, in Cornwall, in 1570, and entered a commoner
of Broadgate-hall, now Pembroke-college, Oxford, where
he took a bachelor’s degree in arts. He afterwards studied
the law, and there is a report that he took orders, and
preached at Saltash; but for this there was probably no
other foundation than what his works afforded, which would
not have disgraced many of the divines of that period. It
is evident that he had studied religious controversy with,
more attention than laymen usually bestow on such subjects. His destination, however, was to make a figure in
political history. In the first parliament called by Charles I,
he was returned for Truro in Cornwall, for Tregony in the
third, and for Truro again in the 15th and 16th of that
reign; in all which he proved one of the most zealous enemies to the established church, and a vehement declaimer.
against what he termed innovations and abuses both in
church and state, and particularly against Arminianism,
which was also the subject of some of his works. He was
one of the few laymen appointed by the Commons to sit in
the Assembly of Divines at Westminster. In the parliament called in 1653, he was one of the representatives for
Devonshire, and at that time was first chosen chairman,
and then speaker for a month; but continued, during the
whole sitting, to forward Cromwell’s plans. He procured
a vote, that Cromwell, Lambert, Harrison, Disbrowe, and
Tomlinson, should sit in that house as members; and afterr
wards proposed, that the parliament should resign the govertment into Cromwell’s hands, with the title of Protector.
His original intention was to form the English commonwealth after the model of the Jewish; but as a theocracy
was rejected, he made the above proposal in favour of
Cromwell, whom he affected to look upon as a compound
of the characters of Moses and Joshua. In gratitude for
this, he was declared one of Jus highness’ s privy-council.
In 1656, he was returned one of the members for Cornwall; and in the year following was seated in the House of
Lords. He had been made provost of Eton in 1643, and
had a college- lease, which together were worth 1200l. per
annum. He died at Acton, near London, Jan, 7, 1659,
and was buried with great pomp at Eton, and a standard-pennon, with other things relating to a baron, were erected
over his grave, but these were taken away at the Restoration. We have omitted to notice, that he was principal
trier and approver of public preachers, and a commissioner
for the ejectment of “scandalous and ignorant ministers.
”
He founded three fellowships in Pembroke college, and
bequeathed other property to pious uses. Lord Clarendon
and other contemporaries undervalue his abilities, which
certainly did not appear to much advantage in parliament,
where his speeches were rude, vulgar, and enthusiastic,
both in style and sentiment, yet perhaps not the worse
adapted to the understandings of his hearers. Wood has
given a long catalogue of his writings, the principal of
which relating to subjects of religions controversy, or general piety, were collected in a folio printed at London
in 1657, under the title of “The Works of Francis Rous,
esq. or treatises and meditations dedicated to the saints,
and to the excellent throughout the three nations.
” This
has Faithorne’s fine print from the picture in Pembroke
college. He published also, a tract, “The Lawfulness of
obeying the present Government,
” Mel la
Patrum,
” a thick octavo, Jnteriora regni Dei,
” Archaeologiae Atticae libri tres,
” Oxon.