, of Tarentum, a celebrated mathematician, cosmographer, and Pythagorean
, of Tarentum, a celebrated mathematician, cosmographer, and Pythagorean philosopher, flourished about 400 years before Christ, and was the master
of Plato, Eudoxus, and Philolaus. He gave a method of
finding two mean proportionals between two given lines;
and thence the duplication of the cube, by means of the
conic sections. His skill in mechanics was such, that he
was said to be the inventor of the crane and the screw:
and he made a wooden pigeon that could fly about, when
it was once set off, but it could not rise again of itself,
after it rested. He wrote several works, though few are
now extant. It is said'he invented the ten categories. He
acquired great reputation both in his legislative and military capacity, having commanded an army seven times
without ever being defeated. He was at last shipwrecked, and drowned in the Adriatic sea. His philosophy as well as his moral character was more pure than that
of many of the ancient philosophers. The sum of his
moral doctrine was, that virtue is to be pursued for its own
sake in every condition of life; that all excess is inconsistent with virtue; that the mind is more injured by prosperity than by adversity, and that there is no pestilence so
destructive to human happiness as pleasure. Brucker
thinks that Aristotle was indebted to Archytas for many of
his moral ideas, particularly for the notion which runs
through his ethical pieces, that virtue consists in avoiding
extremes. With respect to his personal character, it is
said of him that he never chastised a servant, or punished
an inferior, in wrath. To one of his dependants who had
offended him, he said, “It is well for you that I am angry; otherwise, I know not what you might expect.
”
We have only a metaphysic work by Archytas, “On the
nature of the Universe,
” published in Greek by Camerarius,
Leipsic, Wisdom,
” and “Of the good and
happy man,
” preserved by Stobseus, and edited from him
by Gale.
es cluae,” folio; being a commentary on two large copper tables discovered near Heraclea, in the bay of Tarentum. In 1738 were printed at the Hague, “Graecse Linguae
From 1728 to 1732 he was employed in publishing,
“Marmorum Arundellianorum, Seldenianorum, aliorumque
Academies Oxoniensi donatorum, una cum Commentariis
& Indice, editio secunda,
” folio to which an “Appendix
”
was printed in Epistola D. Mich. Maittaire ad
D. P. Des Maizeaux, in qua Indicis in Annales Typographicos methodus explicatur,
” &c. is printed in “The Present State of the Republic of Letters,
” in August Antiques Inscriptiones cluae,
” folio; being a
commentary on two large copper tables discovered near
Heraclea, in the bay of Tarentum. In 1738 were printed
at the Hague, “Graecse Linguae Dialecti in Scholse Regias
Westmonasterrensis usum recogniti opera Mich. Maittaire.
Prosfationem & Appendicem ex Apollonii Discoli fragmento
inedito addidit J. F. Reitzius.
” Maittaire prefixed a dedication of this volume to the marquis of Granby, and the
lords Robert and George Manners, his brothers; and a
new preface, dated 3 Cal. Octob. 1737. This was again
printed at London in 1742. In 1739, he addressed to the
empress of Russia a small Latin poem, under the title of
“Carmen Epinicium Augustissimae Russorum Imperatrici
sacrum.
” His name not having been printed in the titlepage, it is not so generally known that he was editor of
Plutarch’s “Apophthegmata,
” Senilia, sive Poetica aliquot in
argumentis varii generis tentamina.
” It may be worth
mentioning, that Baxter’s dedication to his “Glossarium
Antiquitatum Britannicarum,
” was much altered by Maittaire; who died August 7, 1747, aged seventy-nine. There
is a good mezzotinto print of him by Faber, from a painting by B. Dandridge, inscribed, “Michael Maittaire, A. M.
Amicorum jussu.
” His valuable library, which he had
been collecting fifty years, was sold by auction, by Messrs.
Cock and Langford, at the close of the same year, and the
beginning of the following, taking up in all forty-four
nights. Mr. Cock, in his prefatory advertisement, tells
us, “In exhibiting thus to the public the entire library of
Mr. Maittaire, I comply with the will of my deceased
friend; and in printing the catalogue from his own copy
just as he left it (though, by so doing, it is the more voluminous), I had an opportunity not only of doing the
justice I owe to his memory, but also of gratifying the curious.” Maittaire, it may be added, was patronized by
the first earl of Oxford, both before and after that gentleman’s elevation to the peerage, and continued a favourite
with his son the second earl. He was also Latin tutor to
Mr. Stanhope, the earl of Chesterfield’s favourite son, and
was esteemed by so many persons of eminence that we
cannot wonder at his portrait being engraven jussu amicorum. He possessed many amiable qualities; in religion
was orthodox and zealous ; in temper modest and
unassuming despising the pride of learning, yet fond of
friendly intercourse.
withstanding he took all possible methods, out of an extreme humility, to conceal them. The cardinal of Tarentum, the protector of his order, could not prevail upon
, general of the Augustin monks,
and a celebrated cardinal, was born at Saxoferato, in 1408,
of poor parents. He was admitted young amongst the
monks of Augustin, and studied at Rimini, Bologna, and
Perugia: in which last place he was first made professor of
philosophy, and afterwards appointed to teach divinity.
At length he was chosen provincial, and some time after
accepted, not without reluctance, the post of solicitor-general of his order. This office obliged him to go to Rome,
where his learning and virtue became greatly admired,
notwithstanding he took all possible methods, out of an
extreme humility, to conceal them. The cardinal of Tarentum, the protector of his order, could not prevail upon
him to engage in any of the public disputations, where
every body wished to see his great erudition shine; they
had, however, the gratification to hear his frequent sermons, which were highly applauded. He appeared in the
pulpits of the principal cities in Italy, as Rome, Naples,
Venice, Bologna, Florence, Mantua, and Ferrara; was
elected first vicar-general, and then general of his order,
in 1459; and at last created cardinal, in 1460, by pope
Pius II. This learned pontiff gave him afterwards the bishopric of Camerino, and made use of his abilities on several occasions. Oliva died shortly after at Tivola, where
the court of Rome then resided, in 1463. His corpse was
carried to the church of the Augustin monks at Rome,
where there is a marble monument, with an epitaph, and
a Latin tetrastic by way of eulogium. His works are, “De
Christi ortu sermones centum
”' “De ccena cum apostolis
facta;
” “De peccato in spiritum sanctum; Orationes elegantes.
”
was seconded by the intreaties of the wife and sister of Dion, and by the importunities of Archytas of Tarentum, and other Pythagorean philosophers, to whom the tyrant
After a short interval, Dionysius, repenting of his unjust resentment, wrote to Plato, inviting him to return to Syracuse, to which Plato answered, with some contempt, that philosophy would not allow him leisure to think of Dionysius. He was induced, however, to return by another expedient. Plato had made Dion a determined votary of virtue, and he naturally wished to extend this advantage to the younger Dionysius, who also expressed a most earnest desire to become acquainted with Plato< Letters were then dispatched to him, from the tyrant, from Dion and several followers of Pythagoras, importuning him to return to Syracuse, and take upon him the education of the young prince. After considerable hesitation, he consented, and is said to have had some kind of promise on the part of Dionysius that he would adopt the Platonic form of government. In the mean time the enemies of Dion prevailed upon Dionysius to recall from exile Philistus, a man of tyrannical principles and spirit, who, they hoped f would oppose the doctrines and measures of Plato. The philosopher in the mean time was conducted to Syracuse with public honours; the king himself received him into his chariot, and sacrifices were offered in congratulation of his arrival. New regulations were immediately introduced; the licentiousness of the court was restrained; moderation reigned in all public festivals; the king assumed an air of benignity; philosophy was studied by his courtiers; and every good man assured himself of a happy revolution in the state of public manners. It was now that Philistus and his adherents found means to rekindle the jealousy of the tyrant, and through their intrigues, Dion became so obnoxious to Dionysius, that he ordered him to be imprisoned, and afterwards banished him into Italy. With Plato, however, he continued to keep up some appearance of friendship, and under that pretence allotted Plato an apartment in his palace, but at the same time placed a secret guard about him, that no one might visit him without his knowledge. At length, upon the commencement of a war, Dionysius sent Plato back into his own country, with a promise, that he would recal both him and Dion upon the return of peace. Part of this promise he was soon inclined to keep, by recalling Plato but the philosopher received his solicitations with coolness, pleaded in excuse his advanced age, and reminded the tyrant of the violation of his promise respecting Dion nor was it until the request of Dionysius was seconded by the intreaties of the wife and sister of Dion, and by the importunities of Archytas of Tarentum, and other Pythagorean philosophers, to whom the tyrant had pledged himself for the performance of his promises, that he could be prevailed upon to return.
discoveries. These twelve persons were, Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius Pergaeus, Aristotle, Archytas of Tarentum, Vitruvius, Achindus, Mahomet Ibn Moses the inventor
It is supposed that Vitruvius was born either at Rome or
Verona; but it is not known which. His books of architecture are addressed to Augustus Csesar, and not only
shew consummate skill in that particular science, but also
very uncommon genius and natural abilities. Cardan, in
his 16th book “De Subtilitate,
” ranks Vitruvius as one of
the twelve persons, whom he supposes to have excelled all
men in the force of genius and invention; and would not
have scrupled to have given him the first place, if it could
be imagined that he had delivered nothing but his own discoveries. These twelve persons were, Euclid, Archimedes,
Apollonius Pergaeus, Aristotle, Archytas of Tarentum, Vitruvius, Achindus, Mahomet Ibn Moses the inventor or
improver of Algebra, Duns Scotus, John Suisset surnamed
the Calculator, Galen, and Heber of Spain.
inscriptions in the Greek and Latin tongues; discovered in the year 1732, near Heraclea, in the Bay of Tarentum, in Magna Grecia. By Philip Carteret Webb, Esq. Read
learning, and had a good collection are in the possession of Mr. Nichols.
“Remark^' a second edition was published the same year.
4.
” Excerpta ex Instruments publicis de Juda;is,“consisting of seven pages small 4to. 5.
” Short, but true,
tate of facts relative to the Jew-Bill, submitted to the
consideration of the Public,“three pages small 4to. 6.
” Five plates of Records relating to the Jews, engraven at
the expence of Philip Carteret Webb, esq.“7.
” The
Question whether a Jew born within the British dominions
was, before the making the late Act of Parliament, a Person capable by Law to purchase and hold Lands to him
and his heirs, fairly stated and considered. To which is
annexed an Appendix, containing copies of public records
relating to the Jews, and to the plates of Records, by a gentleman of Lincoln’s Inn,“1753, 4to. Printed for Roberts,
price 2s. 6d.
” A Reply“to this, in the same size and at
the same price, written, as it is supposed, by Mr. Grove,
author of the Life of cardinal Wolsey, was printed for
Robinson, Woodyer, and Swan. 8.
” A short Account of
some particulars concerning Domesday- Book, with a view
to promote its being published,“1756, 4to. 9.
” A short
Account of Danegeld, with some farther particulars relating to William the Conqueror’s Survey,“1758, 4to. 10.
” A State of Facts, in defence of his Majesty’s right to certain Fee-farm rents in the county of Norfolk,“1758, 4to.
11.
” Ah Account of a Copper Table, containing two inscriptions in the Greek and Latin tongues; discovered in
the year 1732, near Heraclea, in the Bay of Tarentum, in
Magna Grecia. By Philip Carteret Webb, Esq. Read at
a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries the 13th of December, 1759, and ordered to be printed,“1760, 4to.
12.
” Some Observations on the late determination for
discharging Mr. Wilkes from his commitment to the Tower
of London, for being the author and publisher of a seditious
libel called ‘ The North Briton, No. 45.’ By a member
of the House of Commons," 1763, 4to. He also printed
a quarto pamphlet, containing a number of general warrants issued from the time of the Revolution; and some
other political tracts, particularly at the time of the rebellion in 1745, on the close of which his abilities, as solicitor
on the trials in Scotland, proved of eminent service lo the
public. Mr. Webb was twice married; and by his first
lady (who died in 'March 12, 1756) left one son of his own
name. His second wife was Rhoda, daughter of John
Cotes, esq. of Dodiogton, in Cheshire, by Khoda, one of
the daughters and coheirs of sir John Huborn, barr. of
Warwickshire; but by her he had no issue.