was son of the former, and had he enjoyed longer life, would probably
was son of the former, and had he enjoyed longer life, would probably have equalled him in fame. His first exploit was against Caulan, in India, whither he was dispatched by his father to destroy all the ships in that harbour; he executed his orders with so much expedition, that he came in sight of the town before they were apprized of his arrival, and destroyed 27 ships. Soon after he was sent on a cruize against the Maldive islands, to intercept all Arabian ships. The strength of the currents in those seas, drove him as far south as Cape Comorin, and the island of Ceylon, and he put into a port in the latter. The king hearing of his arrival, and having before heard of the fame of the Portugueze in those parts, treated him with great respect, and entered into a treaty, by which he agreed to pay a yearly tribute to the king of Portugal, on condition of receiving protection and defence. The tribute was to be 250,000 Lb. weight of cinnamon; and the first year’s payment was immediately put on board. On his return, he was ordered to the Anchidive islands; when being informed of a large fleet fitting out at Calicut, Lawrence immediately sailed to that place, engaged it, and after a fierce conflict, gave them a total defeat. He then returned to Cananor, where he was received by the king of that place, who was a friend of the Portugueze, with great honour: he afterwards continued with his father, until he sailed on the fatal expedition in which he lost his life. He was dispatched with eight ships to annoy the Arabians, and at first was successful. He put into the port of Chaul, a large and opulent city, adjoining to the kingdom of Canibaya. Here he received advice that the sultan of Egypt had fitted out a considerable force, manned with his bravest soldiers. It consisted of five large ships, and six galleys, to which the king of Cambaya joined 30 sloops of war. When they appeared off Chaul, the Portugueze concluded they were the ships of Albuquerque, and made no preparation to engage; the Egyptian admiral entered the river, but his allies remained out at sea.
, son of the former, was born in 1609, with a decided turn for poetry.
, son of the former, was born in 1609,
with a decided turn for poetry. Before the age of fifteen,
he published an idyllium on the silk-worm, “Bambace e
seta, idillio,
” Rome, Endymion,
”
, earl of Ossory, son of the former, was born in the castle of Kilkenny, July 9, 1634.
, earl of Ossory, son of the former,
was born in the castle of Kilkenny, July 9, 1634. He
distinguished himself by a noble bravery, united to the
greatest gentleness and modesty, which very early excited
the jealousy of Cromwell, who committed him to the
Tower; where, falling ill of a fever, after being confined
near eight months, he was discharged. He afterwards
went over to Flanders, and on the restoration attended the
king to England; and from being appointed colonel of foot
in Ireland, was raised to the rank of lieutenant-general of
the army in that kingdom. On the 14th of September
1666, he was summoned by writ to the English house of
lords, by the title of lord Butler, of Moore-park. The
same year, being at Euston in Suffolk, he happened to
hear the firing of guns at sea, in the famous battle with
the Dutch that began the 1st of June. He instantly prepared to go on board the fleet, where he arrived on the
3d of that month; and had the satisfaction of informing
the duke of ^Ibemarle, that prince Rupert was hastening
to join him. He had his share in the glorious actions of
that and the succeeding day. His reputation was much
increased by his behaviour in the engagement off Southwold Bay. In 1673 he was successively made rear-admiral
of the blue and the red squadrons; and on the 10th of
September, the same year, was appointed admiral of the
whole fleet, during the absence of prince Rupert. In
1677 he commanded the English troops in the service of
the prince of Orange; and at the battle ojf Mons contributed greatly to the retreat of marshal Luxemburg, to
whom Lewis XIV. was indebted for the greatest part of his
military glory. His speech, addressed to the earl of
Shaftesbury, in vindication of his father, was universally
admired: it even confounded that intrepid orator, who
was in the senate what the earl of Ossory was in the field.
He died July 30, 1680, aged forty-six. The duke of Ormond his father said, “he would not exchange his dead
son for any living son in Christendom.
”
the younger, the son of the former by his wife Ethelreda, daughter of Mr. Frodsham
the younger, the son of
the former by his wife Ethelreda, daughter of Mr. Frodsham of Elton in Cheshire, was born in 1559, and being
very young at the time of his father’s decease, and his
mother soon after marrying a second husband, he owed his
education chiefly to the care and protection of the lordtreasurer Burleigh, by whom he was first put under the
care of Dr. Malim, master of St. Paul’s school, and afterwards removed to Magdalen college in Oxford, where he
closely pursued his studies at the time when his father’s
poetical works were published; and as a proof of his veneration for his father’s friend, and gratitude for the many
kindnesses himself had received, he prefixed a dedication
to this work to his patron the lord Burleigh, He left the
college before he took any degree, but not before he had
acquired a great reputation for parts and learning. He
had, like his father, a great talent- for poetry, which he
wrote with much facility both in English and in Latin, but
it does not appear that he published any thing before he
left England, which was probably about the year 1580.
He visited several parts of Europe, but made the longest
stay in Italy, fprmed an acquaintance with the gravest and
wisest men in that country, who very readily imparted to
him their most important discoveries in natural philosophy,
which he had studied with much diligence and attention.,
At his return home, which was some time before 1584, he
appeared very much at court, and was esteemed by the
greatest men there, on account of his great learning
and manners. About this time he married his first
wife, the daughter of his father’s old friend sir William
Fleetwood, recorder of London, by whom he had several
children. In the year 1591 he had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him, as well in regard to his own personal merit“as the great services of his father; and some
years after, the first alum mines that were ever known to
be in this kingdom, were discovered, by his great sagacity,
not far from Gisborough in Yorkshire, where he had an
estate. In the latter end of queen Elizabeth’s reign, sir
Thomas Chaloner made a journey into Scotland, whether
out of curiosity, with a view to preferment, or by the
direction of sir Robert Cecil, afterwards earl of Salisbury,
who was his great friend, is uncertain; but he soon grew
into such credit with king James, that the most considerable persons in England addressed themselves to him for
his favour and recommendation. Amongst the rest, sir
Francis Bacon, afterwards chancellor, wrote him a very
warm letter, which is still extant, which he sent him by his
friend Mr. Matthews, who was also charged with another
to the king; a copy of which was sent to sir Thomas Chaloner, and Mr. Matthews was directed to deliver him the
original, if he would undertake to present it. He
accomparried the king in his journey to England, and by his
learning, conversation, and address, fixed himself so effectually in that monarch’s good graces, that, as one of the
highest marks he could give him of his kindness and confidence, he thought fit to intrust him with the care of
prince Henry’s education, August 17, 1603, not as his
tutor, but rather governor or superintendant of his household and education. He enjoyed this honour, under several
denominations, during the life-time of that excellent
prince, whom he attended in 1605 to Oxford, and upon
that occasion was honoured with the degree of master of
arts, with many other persons of distinction. It does not
appear that he had any grants of lands, or gifts in money,
from the crown, in consideration of his services, though
sir Adam Newton, who was preceptor to prince Henry,
appears to have received at several times the sum of four
thousand pounds by way of free gift. Sir Thomas Chaloner had likewise very great interest with queen Anne,
and appears to have been employed by her in her private
affairs, and in the settlement of that small estate which she
enjoyed. What relation he had to the court after the
death of his gracious master prince Henry, does no where
appear; but it is not at all likely that he was laid aside.
He married some years before his death his second wife
Judith, daughter to Mr. William Biount of London, and
by this lady also he had children, to whom he is said to
have left a considerable estate, which he had at SteepleClaydon in the county of Buckingham. He died November 17, 1615, and was buried in the parish church of Chiswick in the county of Middlesex. His eldest son William.
Chaloner, esq. was by letters patents dated July 20, in
the 18th of James I. in 1620, created a baronet, by the
title of William Chaloner of Gisborough in the county of
York, esq. which title was extinct in 1681. Few or none,
either of our historians or biographers, Anthony Wood
excepted, have taken any notice of him, though he was
so considerable a benefactor to this nation, by discovering
the alum mines, which have produced vast sums of
money, and still continue to be wrought with very great
profit. Dr. Birch, indeed, in his
” Life of Henry Prince
of Wales,“has given a short account of sir Thomas, and
has printed two letters of his, both of which shew him to
have been a man of sagacity and reflection. In the Lambeth library are also some letters of sir Thomas Chaloner’s,
of which there are transcripts by Dr. Birch in the British
Museum. The only publication by sir Thomas Chalouer
is entitled
” The virtue of Nitre, wherein is declared the
sundry cures by the same effected," Lond. 1584, 4to. In
this he discovers very considerable knowledge of chemistry
and mineralogy.
, the son of the former, was born at Amsterdam in 165k He was successively
, the son of the former, was born at Amsterdam in 165k He was successively a disciple of Karel du Jarclin, Netscher, and Gerard Laires^fc He was a very ready designer, and possessed a lively imagination and good invention; but the impetuosity of his temper was such, that he destroyed his compositions, if his pictures did not please him in the progress of their execution; nor could the interposition and remonstrances of his best friends avail for their preservation. His death, in 1693, at the age of 39 years, prevented his acquiring that fortune and high reputation, which the fame of his abilities and performances gave him reason to expect.
, third son of the former, was born at his father’s house at Sayes-court,
, third son of the former, was born at his
father’s house at Sayes-court, near Deptford, January 14,
1654-5, and was there very tenderly educated in his infancy, being considered (after the death of his brother Richard Evelyn, January 27, 1657, who, though but five years of age, was esteemed a kind of prodigy) as the heir
of the family. He was likewise universally admired for
the pregnancy of his parts, of which he gave a pleasing
proof in a Latin letter written to his father in Dec. 1665,
and which induced his father to send him in 1666 to Oxford, where he remained in the house of the ingenious and
learned Dr. Ralph Bathurst, then president of Trinity-college, before he was admitted a gentleman-commoner, which
was in Easter term 1663. It is not clear at what time he
left Oxford; but Mr. Wood seems to be positive that he took
no degree there, but returned to his father’s house, where
he prosecuted his studies under the directions of that great
man. There is, however, good reason to believe that it
was during his residence in Trinity-college, and when he
was not above fifteen years of age, that he wrote that elegant Greek poem which is prefixed to the second edition
of the Sylva, and is a noble proof of the strength of his
genius, and wonderful progress in learning in the early
part of his life. In Nov. 1675, he set out for Paris with
lord Berkley, ambassador to the French court; and in May
1676, returned to England. He discovered his proficiency
soon afterwards, both in the learned and modern languages,
by his elegant translations, as well as his intimate acquaintance with the muses, in some original poems which were
very justly admired. If we consider the father’s turn of
mind, we need not wonder that he should employ his pen
first upon gardening, especially in the easy way of translation, and from a book so justly as well as generally admired as the French Jesuit’s has ever been. The title of
our author’s little treatise was, 1. “Of gardens, four
books, first written in Latin verse, by Renatus Rapinus;
and now made English by John Evelyn, esq.
” Sylva,
” and it must be allowed that the sense is very
faithfully rendered, and the poetry is more easy and harmonious than could have been expected from a youth of
his age. 2. “The life of Alexander the great,
” translated from the Greek of Plutarch, printed in the fourth
volume of Plutarch’s lives by several hands. 3. “The history of the grand visiers, Mahomet and Achmet Coprogli;
of the three last grand signiors, their sultanas, and chief
favourites; with the most secret intrigues of the seraglio,
”
&c. Lond. 1677, 8vo. This was a translation from the
French, and has been esteemed an entertaining and instructive history. Our author wrote also several poems
occasionally, of which two are printed in Dryden’s Miscellanies, and more are in Nichols’s Collection of Poems.
The one entitled “On virtue,
” has been esteemed excellent in its kind by the best judges and the other, styled
“The remedy of love,
” has been also much admired. On
Feb. 24, 1679-80, he married Martha, daughter and coheiress of Richard Spenser, esq. Turkey merchant, whose
widow married sir John Stonehouse, of Radley, in Berks,
bart. Mr. Evelyn, who had a turn for business as well as
study, and had been introduced to the prince of Orange
in 1688, was in 1690 made one of the chief clerks of the
treasury, and quitting that situation in 1691, became one
of the commissioners of the revenue in Ireland, which
country he visited in 1692. He would probably have been
advanced to higher employments if he had not been cut
off in thd flower of his age, dying at his house in Berkeleystreet, London, March 24, 1698, in the forty-fifth year of
his age. He had by his wife two sons and three daughters.
His eldest son, Richard, -died an infant at Sayes-court, as
did his eldest daughter Martha Mary. His second daughter, Elizabeth, married Simon Harcourt, esq. eldest son
and heir of Simon lord viscount Harcourt, lord high chancellor of Great Britain, by whom she became mother to
the first earl Harcourt. Jane, his third daughter, died an
infant at his house in the parish of St. Martin’s in the fields,
and was interred at Kensington. John Evelyn, his second
and only surviving son, born at Sayes-court, March 2,
1681, succeeded to his grandfather’s estate. He was married at Lambeth chapel, September 18,- 1705, to Anne,
daughter of Edward Boscawen, of Worthivil, co. Cornwall, esq. He was by letters-patent bearing date July 30,
1713, created a baronet. This worthy gentleman, who inherited the virtue and learning as well as the patrimony of
his ancestors, made several alterations and additions to the
family-seat at Wotton, in 1717, one of which was the
erecting a beautiful library, forty-five feet long, fourteen
feet broad, and as many high, for the reception of that
large ajtd curious collection of books made by his grandfather, his father, and himself, and where they still remain. He was long one of the commissioners of the
customs, a fellow of the royal society, and was succeeded by
his eldest son, John, who dying in 1767, was succeeded
by sir Frederick Evelyn, on whose death, in 1812, the
title descended to Mr. John Evelyn, the grandson of
Charles, a younger son of the first baronet of the Wotton
branch.
, son of the former by his first wife, was born at Altdorf in 1653;
, son of the former by his
first wife, was born at Altdorf in 1653; and sent to school
at Herszpi uck, where having acquired a competent knowledge of the Greek and Latin tongues, he returned to his
father at Altdorf at the age of sixteen, and studied first
philosophy, and then physic. He went afterwards to
Francfort upon the Oder, and proposed to visit the United
Provinces and England; but being prevented by the wars,
he went to Padua, where he studied two years. Then
making a tour of part of Italy, he returned to Altdorf, in
1674, and was admitted to the degree of M. D. He spent
two years in adding to the knowledge he had acquired;
and then, in 1677, was made professor extraordinary in
physic, which title, in 1681, was changed to that of professor in ordinary. He how applied himself earnestly to the
practice of physic; and in time his fame was spread so far,
that he was sought by persons of the first rank. George
Frederic, marquis of Anspach, of the house of Brandenbourg, chose him in 1695 for his physician; and about the
latter end of the year, Hoffman attended this prince into
Italy, and renewed his acquaintance with the learned there.
Upon the death of his father in 1698, he was chosen to succeed him in his places of botanic professor and director of
the physic garden. He was elected also the same year
rector of the university of Altdorf; a post which he had
occupied in 1686. He lost his great friend and patron,
the marquis of Apspach, in 1703; but found the same
kindness from his successor William Frederic, who pressed
him so earnestly to come nearer him, and made him such
advantageous otFers, that Hoffman in 1713 removed from
Altdorf to Anspach, where he died in 1727. He had
married a wife in 16I, by whom he bad 6ve cbildren. He
left several works of repute: viz. two dissertations on anatomy and physiology; one on what has since been called
morbid anatomy, entitled “Disquisitio corporis human!
Anatomico-Pathologica;
” ibid. Acta Laboratorii
chemici Altdorffini,
” Syntagma Pathologico-therapeuticum,
” Sciagraphia Institutionum Medicarum,
” a posthumous publication. He
also continued his father’s “Florre Altdorffinae.
”
, son of the former, was born at Franeker in 1669; and afterwards
, son of the former, was born at
Franeker in 1669; and afterwards advanced to the same
professorships. He published in 1690, 1. “A dissertation
” De vero sensu atque interpretatione, legis IX. D.
de lege Pompeia, de Parricidis,“Franeker, 4to. 2. Also,
<c Dissertation urn libri tres, quibus explicantur, &c. selecta
juris publici, sacri, privatique capita,
” Franeker,
, son of the former, was born ini 1745. He was educated at Westmi
, son of the former, was born ini
1745. He was educated at Westminster-school, whence,
in 1763, he was elected to Trinity college, Cambridge.
After a time, he obtained a travelling fellowship of that
college, which enabled him to pass three years on the continent; and in 1774$ he was appointed chaplain to lord
Stormont, then ambassador at the court of France. Soon
after this, he married one of the daughters of Joseph Clark,
esq. of Weatherfield in Essex; whose brother, captain
Charles Clark, afterwards became famous, as being successor in command to the celebrated Cook, in that unfortunate voyage which proved fatal to both those officers.
By this lady he had one son, who survived his father, but
died while yet at school. Mr. Maty, much respected for
his abilities, acquirements, and character, by persons able
to contribute to his advancement, would have been very
likely to gain preferment in the church, after his return to
England, had not some scruples arisen in his mind on the
subject of those articles of faith which formerly he had
subscribed. From that time he determined, from the most
conscientious motives, never to accept of any ecclesiastical
appointment; and, after the death of his father in 1776, he
withdrew himself entirely from the functions of the ministry
in the established church. His reasons for this step, dated
Oct. 22, 1777, were printed at his own request in the Gent.
Mag for that year. They are chiefly the doctrines of the
Trinity, of original sin, and of absolute predestination;
which last he finds in the seventeenth article. His own
inclination is to the Arian hypothesis, and to a liturgy
somewhat like Dr. Clarke’s; and he says, although he has
left the church, he has no objection to preach to a congregation holding the same opinions. His life was thenceforward more particularly devoted to literary pursuits, which
were highly favoured by the appointment he obtained, at
the same time, of an assistant librarian in the British Museum. He was afterwards advanced to be one of the underlibrarians of the same establishment, in the department of
Natural History and Antiquities. In November 1778, on
the resignation of Dr. Horsiey, he was appointed one of
the secretaries to the Royal Society. In January 1782, he
began a review of publications, principally foreign, which
be continued with considerable success, though with little
assistance, till September 1786, when he was compelled
by ill health to discontinue it. The motto which he took
for this work was modest, and well appropriated “Sequitur patrem non passibus sequis
” alluding to his father’s
“Journal Britannique
” and the truth appears to be, that,
though he was far from being deficient either in learning
or critical abilities, he was inferior in both to his father;
and being the avowed author of this review, is thought to
have created at least as many enemies as admirers. In the
disputes which arose in the Royal Society, in 1784, respecting the re-instatement of Dr. Hutton, as secretary for foreign correspondence, he took so warm a part, that becoming very angry, he resigned his office of secretary. In
this, as in other instances in his life, his vivacity outran his
judgment. As a secretary, an officer of the societv, he
was not called upon to take any active part; and the advantages he derived from the situation were such as he could
ill afford to relinquish. In preferring always his conscience
to his interest, he certainly was highly commendable; but
in this question his conscience had no occasion to involve
itself. To make himself amends for this diminution of his
income, Mr. Maty undertook, on moderate terms, to read
the Greek, Latin, French, or Italian classics, with such
persons as might be desirous of completing their knowledge of those languages: but it does not appear that this
employment turned out very profitable. In 1787, an asthmatic complaint, under which he long had laboured, completed the subversion of his constitution, and he died on the
16th of January in that year, at the early age of forty-two.
Besides his review, he published a translation of the travels of Riesbeck through Germany; and translated into
French, the accounts of the gems, in that magnificent
work, the “Gemmae Marlburienses,
” which Mr. Bryant
had first written in Latin. For this he received lOOl. from
the duke of Marlborongh, and a copy of the book. After
his death, a volume of his sermons was published by subscription, in which, by an oversight, that has sometimes
happened in other cases, two or three which he had transcribed from other author^ were reprinted. Notwithstanding much irritability of temper, he was of a warm and
friendly disposition, which often manifests itself in his Review.
, son of the former, was born at Lubeck in 1638; and after laying
, son of the former, was born at
Lubeck in 1638; and after laying a proper foundation in
literature at home, went in 1655 to the university of
Heimstadt, where he applied himself to philosophy and
medicine. Afterwards he went to study under the professors at Groningen, Franeker, and Leyden; and upon
his return to Germany, projected a larger tour through
Italy, France, and England, which he executed; he contracted an acquaintance with the learned wherever he
went; and took a doctor of physic’s degree in 1663, as
he passed through Angers in France. He was offered a
professorship of physic at Heimstadt in 1661: but his travelling scheme did not permit him to take possession of it
till 1664. This, and the professorships of history and
poetry, joined to it in 1678, he held to the time of his
death, which happened in March, 1700. Besides a great
number of works relating to his own profession, he published, in 3 vols. folio, in 1688, “Scriptores rerum Germanicarnm,
” a very useful collection, which had been
begun, but not finished, by his father.