In Turkey, either a member of the college or the college itself. The Ulema consists of the imaums, muftis, and cadis (ministers of religion, doctors of law, and administrators of justice). “Ulema” is the plural of ulim, a wiseman.
“The Ulema is not an ecclesiastical body, except so far as law in Mahometan countries is based on the Koran.”—Creasy: Ottoman Turks, vi. 105.