, a Flemish Jesuit, and a native of Antwerp, entered into the society of the Jesuits at Louvain,
, a Flemish Jesuit,
and a native of Antwerp, entered into the society of the
Jesuits at Louvain, in 1544, and was principal for many
years before they had a college. In 1551, he made solemn
profession of the four vows. After the death of St. Ignatius,
he was called to Rome to assist in a general congregation
for the election of a second general of the society. But,
finding himself here involved in disputes and intrigues not
suited to his disposition, he retired to Flanders, where he
appears to have led a studious and useful life. He died at
Louvain, October 18, 1580, after having published, in
German, several works of the ascetic kind, one of which,
“De Divinis Inspirationibus et de Confessione,
” was translated into Latin by Gerard Brunelius, and printed at
Cologn, 1601, 12mo.
lum he died July 10, 1578. His works, which are In Flemish or German, consist of, 1. “The Confession of Antwerp.” 2. “Exhortation of the Ministers of Antwerp.” 3. “Agenda,
, of a noble family at Brussels, was
born about the beginning of the sixteenth century. His
father William Alard de Centier, a zealous convert to
popery, obliged him to enter the order of Dominican friars,
where he was much admired for his talents as a preacher.
While thus employed, a Hamburgh merchant, who was
pleased with his preaching, procured him privately the
works of Luther, which Alard read with conviction, and
the same merchant having assisted him in escaping from
his convent, he studied divinity at Jena and Wittemberg.
But the death of this faithful friend having deprived him of
resources, he ventured to return to Brussels and solicit assistance from his father. Before, however, he could obtain
a private interview with him, he was discovered in one of
the streets of Brussels by his mother, a violent bigot, who,
after some reproaches, denounced him to the Inquisition;
and when no persuasions could induce him to return into
the bosom of the church which he had left, his mother was
so irritated, as to call forth the rigour of the law, and even
offered to furnish the wood to burn him. Sentence of death
being pronounced, he was conducted to prison, but on the
night previous to the appointed execution, he is said to
have heard a voice saying, “Francis, arise and depart:
”
how far this and other particulars of his escape are true, we
know not; but it is certain he cleared the prison, and after
some hardships and difficulties, arrived in safety at Oldenburgh, where he became almoner to the prince. Here he
remained until hearing that freedom of religion was granted
at Antwerp, his affection for his native country induced
him to return, which he did twice, notwithstanding the
persecutions of the duke of Alba a.nd the dangers to which
he was exposed; and when his father came to see him at
Antwerp, in hopes of bringing him back to popery, he argued with so much power, as to make a sincere convert of
this bigotted parent. At length, when it was not longer
safe for him to remain in the Netherlands, Christian IV.
king of Denmark, gave him the curacy of Wilster in Hoistein, at which asylum he died July 10, 1578. His works,
which are In Flemish or German, consist of, 1. “The Confession of Antwerp.
” 2. “Exhortation of the Ministers
of Antwerp.
” 3. “Agenda, or Discipline of Antwerp.
”
4. “Catechism.
” 5. “Treatise on original Sin,
” &c.
of Antwerp, a very eminent lawyer, died in his 80th year in 1668,
of Antwerp, a very eminent lawyer, died in his 80th year in 1668, and left several works
on civil law, written with method and perspicuity. These
are, “Codex Belgicus,
” Antwerp, Tribunianus Belgicus,
” Brussels, Edicts,
” Consultations,
” published at Antwerp in
history of this artist very little is known. He married at Lyons in 1645, the daughter of a merchant of Antwerp, who happened accidentally to be in that place, and
Of the personal history of this artist very little is known. He married at Lyons in 1645, the daughter of a merchant of Antwerp, who happened accidentally to be in that place, and died at Amsterdam in 1660, in the fiftieth year of his age. Perelle has engraved some of his landscapes, and of his Italian ruins.
et de Fresnoy, in his “New method of studying History,” were that of Home, as the original, and that of Antwerp, and the most convenient for study, is that of Mentz,
, an eminent ecclesiastical writer,
and a cardinal of the Roman church, was born at Sora, an
episcopal city in the kingdom of Naples, October the 30th,
1538, of Camillo Baronio and Porcia Phebonia, who educated him with great care. He went through his first
studies at Veroli, and afterwards applied himself to divinity
and civil law at Naples. But the troubles of that kingdom
obliged his father to remove him in 1557 to Rome, where
he finished his studies in the law under Cesar Costa, afterwards archbishop of Capua, and put himself under the
discipline of St. Philip de Neri, founder of the congregation of the oratory, who employed him in the familiar instructions which his clerks gave to the children. After he
was ordained priest, St. Philip de Neri sent him, with some
of his disciples, in 1564, to establish his congregation in
the church of St. John the Baptist. He continued there
till 1576, when he was sent to 8,t. Mary in Vallicella, and
in both houses he was much admired for his pious zeal and
charity. St. Philip de Neri having, in 1593, laid down the
office of superior of the congregation of the oratory,
thought he could not appoint a more worthy successor than
Baronius, and pope Clement VIII. who knew his merit,
in compliance with the desires of the founder and his congregation, approved the choice, and some time after made
him his confessor. The esteem which that pope had for
him, increased as he had an opportunity of growing more
intimately acquainted with him, and induced him to appoint our author apostolical prothonotary in 1595, and to
advance him to the dignity of cardinal, June 5th, 1596, to
which he afterwards added the post of library-keeper to
the see of Rome. Upon the death of Clement VIII. m
1605, Baronius had a great prospect of being chosen pope,
one and thirty voices declaring for him; but the Spaniards
strongly opposed his election on account of his treatise,
“Of the Monarchy of Sicily,
” in which he argued against
the claim of Spain to Sicily. His intense application to
his studies weakened his constitution in such a manner,
that towards the end of his life he could not digest any
kind of food. He died June the 30th, 1607, aged sixtyeight years and eight months, and was interred in the
church of St. Mary in Vallicella, in the same tomb where
his intimate friend cardinal Francesco Maria Taurusio was
buried the year following. Dupin observes, that “an high
regard ought to be paid to the memory of Baronius, who
was a man of sincere religion, probity, learning, and extensive reading, and laboured with success for the service
of the church, and the clearing up of ecclesiastical
antiquity. But it were to be wished that he had been exempt
from the prejudices which his education and country inspired him with*
” In a book of lather Parsons, printed in
1607, and entitled “I)e sacris alienis non adeundis qusestiones du; ad usum praximque Angliae breviter explicate,
” is published the judgment of Baronius, together with
that of cardinal Bcllarmin and others, declaring that it was
absolutely unlawful for the Roman Catholics to be present
at the religious worship of the Protestants in England.
The work for which Baronius was most celebrated, and
which is certainly a wonderful monument of industry and
research, was his “Ecclesiastical Annals.
” He undertook
this work at the age of thirty, and laboured for thirty years
in collecting and digesting the materials for it, by reading
over carefully the ancient monuments of the church, as
well in printed books as in manuscripts, in the Vatican
library. He published in 1588 the first volume, which contains the first century after the birth of Christ. The second, which followed after, contains two hundred and five
years. These two volumes are dedicated to pope Sixtus V.
The third, dedicated to king Philip 11. of Spain, comprehends the history of fifty-five years immediately following.
The fourth, dedicated to Clement VIII. contains the history of thirty-four years, which end in the year 395. The
fifth, dedicated to the same pope, as well as the following
volumes, extends to the year 440. The sixth ends in the
year 518. The seventh contains seventy-three years.
The eighth extends to the year 714. The ninth, dedicated
to king Henry IV. of France, concludes with the year 842.
The tenth, dedicated to the emperor Rodolphus II. begins
with the year 843, and reaches to 1000. The eleventh,
dedicated to Sigismond III. king of Poland, and published
in 1605, continues the history to the year 1099. The
twelfth, printed under the pontificate of Paul V. in 1607,
concludes with 1198. So that we have, in these twelve
volumes, the history of the twelve first ages of the church.
Henry Spoudunns informs us, that Baronius had left memoirs for three more volumes, which were used by Odoricus Kaynaldus in the continuation of his work. The first
edition of Baronius’ s Annals, begun in 158S, and continued
the following years, was printed at Rome, where the first
volumes were reprinted in 1593. It was followed by some
others, with alterations and additions. The second edition
was that of Venice, and was begun in 1595. The third was
printed at Cologne in 1596, and the foil owing years. The
fourth at Antwerp in 1597, &c. The fifth at Mentz in
1601, The sixth at Cologne in 1609. There were several other editions published afterwards, at Amsterdam in
1610, at Cologne in 1624, at Antwerp in 1675, at Venice
in 1705, and at Lucca in 1738—1759, by far the best.
Before this, the best editions, according to the abbe Longlet de Fresnoy, in his “New method of studying History,
”
were that of Home, as the original, and that of Antwerp,
and the most convenient for study, is that of Mentz, because
the authorities of the ecclesiastical writers are marked in it
by a different character from the text of Baronius, and the
impression is in two columns. The edition of Cologne has
the same advantage, though ill printed.
types which Robert Stephens used; and Philip II. employed him to prepare those with which his Bible of Antwerp was printed. In 1545 le B6 took a journey to Venice,
, engraver, and letter-founder, was
born at Troyes, in 1525, son of Guilleaume le Be, a noble
bourgeois, and Magdalen de St. Aubin. Being brought
up in the house of Robert Stephens, whom his father supplied with paper, he got an insight into the composition
of the types of that famous printing-house. He afterwards, by order of Francis I. made those beautiful oriental
types which Robert Stephens used; and Philip II. employed him to prepare those with which his Bible of Antwerp was printed. In 1545 le B6 took a journey to
Venice, and there cut for Mark Anthony Justiniani, who
had raised a Hebrew printing-house, the punches necessary to the casting of the founts to be employed in that
establishment. Being returned to Paris, he there practised his art till 1598, the year of his decease. Casaubon
speaks of him highly to his credit in his preface to the
Opuscula of Scaliger. Henry le Be, his son, was a printer
at Paris, where he gave in 1581, a quarto edition of the
“Institutiones Clenardi Gr.
” This book, which was of
great utility to the authors of the “Methode Grecque
” of
Port-royal, is a master-piece in printing. His sons and
his grandsons signalised themselves in the same art. The
last of them died in 1685.
of a century, have been particularly distinguished in this science. The Bernoulli’s were originally of Antwerp, but were obliged to leave their country for the sake
, the name of a family which has produced a succession of learned men, eminent in the study of mathematics. Eight of its members, within the space of a century, have been particularly distinguished in this science. The Bernoulli’s were originally of Antwerp, but were obliged to leave their country for the sake of religion, during the persecution raised by the duke of Alva. They then came to Francfort, and from that to Basil, where some of them arrived at the chief offices of the republic. The first who occurs in biographical collections is, [see Bernoulli, James]
mmentary on Horace. He died at Paris April 19, 1593. He married a daughter of the celebrated Plantin of Antwerp, by whom he had a son, who was probably the poet ab
, a celebrated printer of the sixteenth century, who was the first after those who printed the works of Ramus, that made a distinction in his printing between the consonants j and v, and the vowels i and u. Ramus was the inventor of this distinction, and employed it in his Latin grammar of 1557, but we do not find it in any of his works printed after that time. Beys adopted it first in Claude Mignaut’s Latin commentary on Horace. He died at Paris April 19, 1593. He married a daughter of the celebrated Plantin of Antwerp, by whom he had a son, who was probably the poet above-mentioned, as the following burlesque epitaph was written on him
was an engraver, of Antwerp, who flourished about 1620; but by what master he was
was an engraver, of Antwerp, who flourished about 1620; but by what master he was instructed in the art of engraving, does not appear. He imitated the free open style of the Bloemarts with great success; and perhaps perfected himself in their school. When he worked from Rubens, he altered that style; and his plates are neater, fuller of colour, and more highly finished. The two following from this master may be here mentioned: 1. The Resurrection of Lazarus, a large upright plate. 2. The Last Supper, its companion. Basan, speaking of this print, says, that it proves by its beauty, and the knowledge with which it is engraved, that Boetius could sometimes equal his brother Scheltius.
orm a part of the plates for a large folio volume entitled “Academic de l'Espée,” by Girard Thibault of Antwerp, where it was published A.D. 1628; and to these he signs
, an admirable engraver, was the brother of the preceding. The
time of his birth and of his death, and the name of the
master he studied under, are equally unknown. Bolswert,
like his brother, worked entirely with the graver. His
general character as an an artist is well drawn by Basan,
who says: “We have a large number of prints, which are
held in great esteem, by this artist, from various masters;
but especially from Rubens, whose pictures he has copied
with all possible knowledge, taste, and great effect. The
freedom with which this excellent artist handled the graver,
the picturesque roughness of etching, which he could
imitate without any other assisting instrument, and the
ability he possessed of distinguishing the different masses
of colours, have always been admired by the connoisseurs,
and give him a place in the number of those celebrated
engravers whose prints ought to be considered as models
by all historical engravers, who are desirous of rendering
their works as useful as they are agreeable, and of acquiring a reputation as lasting as it is justly merited.
” He
drew excellently, and without any manner of his own;
for his prints are the exact transcripts of the pictures he
engraved from. His best works, though not always
equally neat or finished, are always beautiful, and manifest the hand of the master. Sometimes we find his engravings are in a bold, free, open style; as the Brazen
Serpent; the Marriage of the Virgin, &c. from Rubens.
At other times they are very neat, and sweetly finished;
as, the Crowning with Thorns, and the Crucifixion, &c.
from Vandyck. Mr. Strutt observes, that his boldest engravings are from Rubens, and his neatest from Vandyck
and Jordan. How greatly Bolswert varied his manner of
engraving appears from some prints, which, like the
greater part of those of his brother Boetius, bear great resemblance to the free engravings of the Bloemarts, and to
those of Frederic Bloemart especially; and form a part of
the plates for a large folio volume entitled “Academic de
l'Espée,
” by Girard Thibault of Antwerp, where it was
published A.D. 1628; and to these he signs his name
“Scheltius,
” and sometimes “Schelderic Bolswert,
” adding the word Bruxelle. His works are pretty numerous,
and his name is usually affixed to his plates in this manner:
“S. A. Bolswert.
”
, a celebrated printer of the sixteenth century, was a native of Antwerp, but settled at Venice, where he commenced business
, a celebrated printer of the sixteenth century, was a native of Antwerp, but settled at Venice, where he commenced business by printing a Hebrew Bible, which was published in 2 vols. fol. 1518, and reprinted by him in 4to and 8vo. He learned Hebrew from Felix Pratenois, an Italian, who engaged him to print a Rabbinical Bible, which appeared in 1517, fol. dedicated by Bomberg to Leo X. The Jews, however, not approving of this edition, the rabbi Jacob Haum suggested another, which Bomberg published in 4 vols. fol. in 1525. He also, in 1520, began an edition of the Talmud, which he finished, after some years, in 11 vols. fol. This he reprinted twice, and each edition is said to have cost him an hundred thousand crowns. These two last editions are more complete and beautifully printed than the first, and are in more estimation than the subsequent editions of Bragadin and Burtorf. Bomberg appears to have been a man highly zealous for the honour of his art, spared no cost in embellishments, and is said to have retained about an hundred Jews as correctors, the most learned he could find. In printing only, in the course of his life, he is thought to have expended four millions in gold (Scaliger says, three millions of crowns), and Vossius seems to hint that he injured his fortune by his liberality. He died at Venice in 1549.
eerlebeck, on June 3, brigadier Cadogan, with six squadrons of horse, and his letter to the governor of Antwerp, to invite him and the garrison to the obedience of
, first earl of Cadogan, the son of Henry Cadogan, a counsellor at law, by Bridget, daughter to sir Hardress Waller, knt. was educated to a military life, and in 1701 was made quarter-master-general of the army. In 1703 he was constituted colonel of the second regiment of horse, and on August 25, 1704, brigadiergeneral, having that year behaved with great gallantry at the attack of Schellenberg, and the battle of Hochstet. In June 1705 he was elected member of parliament for Woodstock; and on July 18th of the same year, at the forcing of the French lines near Tirlemont, he behaved with remarkable bravery at the head of his regiment, xvhich first attacking the enemy had such success, that they defeated four squadrons of Bavarian guards, drove them through two battalions of their foot, and took four standards. He was also in the battle of Ramilies, fought on May 12, 1706; after which the duke of Marlborough sent from his camp at Meerlebeck, on June 3, brigadier Cadogan, with six squadrons of horse, and his letter to the governor of Antwerp, to invite him and the garrison to the obedience of king Charles III. and having reported to his grace that ten battalions were in the city and castle of Antwerp, who seemed inclined to surrender on honourable terms, the duke sent him authority to treat with them. And after some conferences, they complied, and the garrison, consisting of six French and six Spanish regiments, were allowed to march out in three days, and be conducted to Quesnoy. But of the Walloon regiment, consisting of 600 men each, only 372 men marched out; the rest entering into the service of king Charles, except some few who were not in condition to serve, and returned to their respective dwellings. Afterwards, towards the close of the campaign that year, he was taken prisoner when on a foraging party, and was carried into Tournay, but he remained there only three days, the duke of Vendosme sending him, on August 19, to the duke of Marl bo rough’s camp, upon his parole and five days after he was exchanged for the baron Palavicini, a major-general in the French service, taken at the battle of Ramilies. On Jan. 1, 1706-7, he was promoted to the rank of major-general of her majesty’s forces. On Mr. Stepney’s decease in 1707, he succeeded him as minister plenipotentiary in the government of the Spanish Netherlands. And he soon after, in conference, brought to a conclusion the negotiation for the speedy exchange of prisoners; and, having shared in the most difficult enterprizes throughout the war, was constituted a lieutenant-general on January 10, 1708-9.
ubmitted to king Charles without a stroke; and Oudenard surrendered upon the first summons. The city of Antwerp followed this example; and thus, in the short space
All things being concerted for rendering the next year’s campaign more successful than the former, the duke, in the beginning of April, 1706, embarked for Holland. This year the famous battle of Ramilies was fought, and won upon May 12, being Whitsunday. The duke was twice here in the utmost danger, once by a fall from his horse, and a second time by a cannon-shot, which took off the head of colonel Bingfield, as he was. holding the stirrup for him to remount. The advantages gained by this victory were so far improved by the vigilance and wisdom of the duke, that Louvain, Brussels, Mechlin, and even Ghent and Bruges, submitted to king Charles without a stroke; and Oudenard surrendered upon the first summons. The city of Antwerp followed this example; and thus, in the short space of a fortnight, the duke reduced all Brabant, and the marquisate of the holy empire, to the obedience of king Charles. He afterwards took the towns of Ostend, Menin, Dendermonde, and Aeth. The forces of the allies after this glorious campaign being about to separate, his grace went to the Hague Oct. 16, where the proposals, which France had made for a peace, contained in a letter from the elector of Bavaria to the duke of Marlborough, were communicated to the ministers of the allies, after which he embarked for England, and arrived at London Nov. 18, 1706 and though at this time there was a party formed against him at court, yet the great services he had done the nation, and the personal esteem the queen always had for him, procured him an universal good reception. The house of commons, in their address to the queen, spoke of the success of the campaign in general, and of the duke of Marlborough’s share in particular, in the strongest terms possible; and the day after unanimously voted him their thanks, as did the lords. They went still farther; for, Dec. 17, they addressed the queen for leave to bring in a bill to settle the duke’s honours upon the male and female issue of his daughters. This was granted; and Blenheim-house, with the manor of Woodstock, was, after the decease of the duchess, upon whom they were settled in jointure, entailed in the same manner with the honours. Two days after this, the standards and colours taken at Ramilies being carried in state through the city, in order to be hung up in Guildhall, the duke, by invitation, partook of a grand dinner with the lord-mayor. The last day of the year was appointed for a general thanksgiving, and her majesty went in state to St. Paul’s; in which there was this singularity observed, that it was the second thanksgiving within the year. Jan. 17, the house of commons presented an address to the queen, in which they signified, that as her majesty had built the house of Blenheim to perpetuate the memory of the duke of Marlborough* s services, and as the house of lords had ordered a bill for continuing his honours, so they were desirous to make some provision for the more honourable support of his dignity. In consequence of this, and of the queen’s answer, the pension of 5000l. per ann. from the post-office was settled in the manner the queen had formerly desired of another house of commons, which happened not to be in quite so good a temper.
, an engraver and print-seller of Antwerp, of the sixteenth century, is said to have received
, an engraver and print-seller of
Antwerp, of the sixteenth century, is said to have received
the first instructions in his art, in the place of his nativity;
after which he repaired to Italy to complete his studies.
He contributed not a little, by his assiduity, and the facility of his graver, to the numberless sets of prints of sacred
stones, huntings, landscapes, flowers, fish, &c. with which
the states of Germany and Flanders were at that time inundated. Many of these are apparently from his own designs, and others from Martin de Vos, Theodore Bernard,
P. Breughel, John Stradanus, Hans Bol, and other masters.
His style of engraving is at the same time masterly and
neat, and his knowledge of drawing appears to have been
considerable; but his prints partake of the defects of his
contemporaries, his masses of light and shade being too
much scattered, and too equally powerful. The following
are amongst his numerous performances. The “Life of
Christ in 36 small prints.
” “The twelve months, small
circles from H. Bol.
” “The women of Israel chanting
the psalm of praise, after the destruction of the Egyptians
in the Red Sea.
” This artist flourished according to Strutt
and Heinecken about 1530 1550. His son, Hans or John,
was an excellent draughtsman and engraver. He
studied some time in Rome, and afterwards settled in his
native place, Antwerp, where he assisted his father in most
of his great works; and afterwards published a prodigious
number of prints of his own, nowise inferior to those of
Adrian. The works attributed by some to one Herman
Coblent, are, by Heinecken, supposed to be by this master.
His prints, according to Strutt, are dated from 1555 to
1622, so that he must have lived to a great age. We shall
only notice the following amongst his numerous performances “The Life of St. Francis in 16 prints lengthways,
surrounded by grotesque borders.
” “Time and Truth,
” a
small upright print beautifully engraved, from J. Stradanus
“The Last Judgment,
” a large print, encompassed with
small stories of the life of Christ. M. Heinecken mentions
a print by an artist, who signs himself William Collaert,
and supposes him the son of John Collaert.
us, are yet rarely to be met with. He was killed by a fall from a scaffold in 1592, in the town-hall of Antwerp, where he was painting, at the very advanced age of
In the church of St. Gudule at Brussels, there is a
“Last Supper
” painted by Coxis, which is much commended and in the church of Notre Dame, at Antwerp,
a St> Sebastian, a Crucifixion, and several portraits, which
are fine imitations of nature, and the expression in all of
them is excellent. And in the chapel of St. Luke, at
Mechlin, he painted two folding-doors, intended to cover
an altar-piece, which were so greatly esteemed, that the
archduke Matthias purchased them at a very large price,
and carried them out of the Low Countries. Towards the
close of his life, having become very rich, he built three
houses in Malines, which he furnished with his own
performances. His pictures, though from the length of his
life, and his incessant application, very numerous, are yet
rarely to be met with. He was killed by a fall from a scaffold in 1592, in the town-hall of Antwerp, where he was
painting, at the very advanced age of 95 years.
osition representing the conversion of St. Paul. He painted for the prince of Orange, ill the castle of Antwerp, the history of David, from the designs of Lucas van
, another artist, was born atMalines in the year 1527. Though he, has left chiefly pictures in distemper, yet he is allowed to be a very able artist. His principal works are in the church of St, llorabout. He has represented on a large canvas, the works of mercy. A multitude of figures, well designed, form the object of this grand composition, and among them he is said to have distinguished, with great spirit, the poor that deserve our compassion, from those who do not. His works are dispersed in the principal towns of Germany. At Hamburgh, in the church of St. Catharine, was a grand and learned composition representing the conversion of St. Paul. He painted for the prince of Orange, ill the castle of Antwerp, the history of David, from the designs of Lucas van Heere. De Vries painted the architecture of it, the friezes, the terms, and the other ornaments. The whole was executed in water-colours. Enghelrams died in, 1583, at the age of fifty-six.
, a native of Antwerp, and secretary to the duke of Florence, was born at
, a native of Antwerp, and secretary to the duke of Florence, was born at Antwerp in 1584, of protestant parents, said to be of the same family with Peter the Hermit, so celebrated in the history of the crusades. In his youth Scaliger had a great esteem for him, and recommended him in the strongest terms to Casaubon; who procured him employment, and endeavoured to get him into Mr. de Montaterre’s family, in quality of preceptor, and was likely to have succeeded, when Eremita found means to ingratiate himself with Mr. de Vic, who was going ambassador into Switzerland. In the course of their intimacy De Vic, a man of great bigotry, and fired with a zeal for making converts, soon won over Eremita, by means of a conference with a Portuguese monk; and fre became a Roman catholic, which gave Casaubon great uneasiness. Eremita, however, still retained a veneration for Scaliger, and, after his death, defended him against Scioppius, who in his answer, speaks with very little respect of Eremita, and informs us that after being at Rome in 1606, he disappeared for some time after, as it was supposed at first from poverty, but it afterwards was discovered that he had retired to Sienna, where he made his court to archbishop Ascanio Piccolomini, who recommended him to Silvio Piccolomini, great chamberlain to the great duke of Florence. By this means he obtained a pension from that prince, as a reward for a panegyric written on the nuptials of the great duke with Magdalen of Austria, and published in 1608, and at his earnest request he was sent into Germany with the deputy, to acquaint the several princes of the empire with the death of the great duke’s father. At his return to Florence, he affected to be profoundly skilled in allairs of government; and promised a commentary which should exceed whatever had been written upon Tacitus. As he looked upon the history of our Saviour as fabulous, so he took a delight in exclaiming against the inquisitors and the clergy; and had many tales ready upon these occasions, all which he could set off to advantage.
at Antwerp; “St. John preaching in the Desert,” in another church; “St. Catherine,” in the cathedral of Antwerp, &c. The time of his death is not known. Descamps has
, or Eykens, called the Olp, was born at
Antwerp in 1599, and became eminent for his historical
paintings. His compositions are full of spirit; his figures
have some degree of elegance; his draperies are broad,
and the hack-grounds of his pictures are enriched with
architecture and landscape in a good taste. As he always
studied and copied nature, his colouring was warm, agreeable,
and natural; and to his carnations he always gave a great
deal of delicacy, particularly to the carnations of hrs
nymphs and boys. He painted subjects in one colour,
such as basso-relievos and vases of marble, extremely
well; and was frequently employed to insert figures in the
landscapes of other masters, as he designed them correctly, and adapted them to the different scenes with
propriety and judgment. The principalpaintings mentioned as his productions are, a “Last Supper,
” in St.
Andrew’s church at Antwerp; “St. John preaching in the
Desert,
” in another church; “St. Catherine,
” in the cathedral of Antwerp, &c. The time of his death is not known.
Descamps has strangely divided him into two persons, in
both which the dates are erroneous.
al languages, and had, with his brother Nicholas, the principal part in the edition of the Polyglott of Antwerp, though that honour is usually given to the learned
, Or Giudo Fabricius Boderianus, was born of a noble family in the
territory of Boderie, in Lower Normandy, in 1541. He
acquired great knowledge in the Oriental languages, and
had, with his brother Nicholas, the principal part in the
edition of the Polyglott of Antwerp, though that honour is
usually given to the learned Arias Montanus. Le Fevre
was secretary to the duke d'Alengon, brother of king
Henry 111. and composed several works in French, verse
and prose, but in a style so vulgar and confused, that none
of them are read. He died 1598. Nicholas le Fevre de
la Boderie, his brother, was also very ingenious; he died
after 1605. Anthony le Fevre de la Boderie, another
brother, distinguished himself in the reigns of Henry IV.
and Louis XIII. by his skill in negociations, and his embassies to Rome, the Low Countries, and England, where
he was loaded with presents. He discovered the marechal
de Biron’s correspondence at Brussels, and rendered important services to Henry IV. He died 1615, aged sixty,
and left “Traitc de la Noblesse, traduit de Tltalien de
Jean-Baptiste Nenna,
” printed Letters
on Negociations
” were published Catholicon.
” He married the sister of the marquis de
Feuquieres, governor of Verdun, by whom he had two
daughters; one died very young, the other married M.
Arnauld d'Andilli 1613, who by her obtained the estate of
Pomponne, and la Briotte.
also translated from Latin into English, “The Epistle of Osorius,” and “.The Oration of Pet. Frarin, of Antwerp, against the unlawful insurrection of the protestants,
, a celebrated English printer, was
born at Bristol, educated at Winchester school, and admitted fellow of New college, in Oxford, in 1555, after
two years of probation, where also he took his master’s
degree. But refusing to comply with the terms of protestant conformity in queen Elizabeth’s reign, he resigned
his fellowship, after holding it about four years, and,
leaving England, took upon him the trade of printing,
which he exercised partly at Antwerp, and partly at Louvain; and thus did signal service to the papists, in printing
their books against the protestaut writers. Wood says
that he was well skilled in Greek and Latin, a tolerable
poet and orator, a theologist not to be contemned; and so
versed also in criticism and other polite literature, that he
might have passed for another Robert or Henry Stephens.
He reduced into a compendium the “Summa Theologiæ
”
of Thomas Aquinas, under the title of “Loca Communia
Theologica,
” and wrote “Additiones in Chroiiica Genebrandi;
” a “Psalter for Catholics,
” which was answered
by Sampson Dean, of Christ-church, Oxford, 1578; also
epigrams, and other verses. He also translated from Latin
into English, “The Epistle of Osorius,
” and “.The Oration of Pet. Frarin, of Antwerp, against the unlawful insurrection of the protestants, under pretence to reform
religion,
” Antwerp, 1566. This was answered by William Fulke, divinity-professor in Cambridge. Fowler^died
at Newmark, in Germany, Feb. 13, 1579.
, an eminent antiquary, was a native of Antwerp, and born in the end of the sixteenth century. He studied
, an eminent antiquary, was a native of Antwerp, and born in the end of the sixteenth century. He studied at Louvain, where he took his master’s degree in 1596, and became professor of rhetoric and law in that university. He was afterwards historiographer to the Low Countries, and for three years employed himself in examining their records. He them travelled through the greater part of Germany and Italy, but, while proceeding from the latter country to Spain, he was unfortunately made captive by an Algerine corsair, and carried to Africa. How he obtained his release does not appear, but upon his return to his native land he was preferred by the archduke Albert to be dean of the collegiate church of Leusa, in Heinault, and afterwards by the same patronage was made president of the college at Louvain. Some years after he travelled into Moravia and Silesia, and
philologer, was born December 3, 1560, at Antwerp. He was the son of John Walter Gruter, burgomaster of Antwerp; who, having, among others, signed the famous petition
, a celebrated philologer,
was born December 3, 1560, at Antwerp. He was the
son of John Walter Gruter, burgomaster of Antwerp;
who, having, among others, signed the famous petition tq
the duchess of Parma, the governess of the Netherlands,
which gave rise to the word Gueux (Beggars), was banished
his country. He crossed the sea to Norwich in England,
taking his wife (who was an English woman) and family
along with him. Young Gruter was then but an infant; he
had the peculiar felicity, like Cicero, of imbibing the elements of learning from his mother, Catharine Tishem;
who, besides French, Italian, and English, was complete
mistress of Latin, and so well skilled in Greek that she
could read Galen in the original. The family found an
hospitable asylum in England, where they resided several
years, and at a proper age sent their son to complete his
education at Cambridge. His parents, after some time,
repassing the sea to Middleburg, the son followed them to
Holland and, going to Leyden, studied the civil law, and
took his doctor’s degree there in that faculty but,
applying himself at the same time to polite literature, he became an early author, as appears by some Latin verses
which he published, under the title of “Ocelli,
” at twenty
years of age.
a collection of the precepts and maxims of his illustrious relation. He was buried in the cathedral of Antwerp, where an honourable inscription is placed to hi* memory.
, nephew of the preceding,
was born at Florence in 1521, and was educated with a
view to general science, in the pursuit of which he gave
the preference to mathematics, geography, and history.
About 1550 he took up his residence in the Low Countries,
where he continued till his death, March 22, 1589. He
was author of many works, of which the principal is “A
Description of the Low Countries,
” which is in great
esteem for the accuracy of its relations. His other works
are “Commentaries on the Affairs of Europe, particularly
in the Low Countries, from 1529 to 1560.
” “Remarkable words and actions of Princes,
” &c. “Hours of Amusement;
” and a collection of the precepts and maxims of his
illustrious relation. He was buried in the cathedral of
Antwerp, where an honourable inscription is placed to hi*
memory.
or other artists, mentioned in this volume, are remarked for the very same habit; particularly Mozzo of Antwerp, who worked with the left; and Amico Aspertino, as well
It is observed by most authors, that Holbein always painted with his left hand; though Walpole objects against that tradition, (what he considers as a proof), that in a portrait of Holbein painted by himself, which was in the Arundelian collection, he is represented holding the pencil in the right hand. But that evidence cannot be sufficient to set aside so general a testimony of the most authentic writers on this subject; because, although habit and practice might enable him to handle the pencil familiarly with his left hand, yet, as it is so unusual, it must have had but an unseemly and awkward appearance in a picture; which probably might have been his real inducement for representing himself without such a particularity. Besides, the writer of Holbein’s life, at the end of the treatise by De Piles, mentions a print by Hollar, still extant, which describes Holbein drawing with his left hand. Nor is it so extraordinary or incredible a circumstance; for other artists, mentioned in this volume, are remarked for the very same habit; particularly Mozzo of Antwerp, who worked with the left; and Amico Aspertino, as well as Ludovico Cangiagio, who worked equally well with both hands. This great artist died of the plague at London in 1554; some think at his lodgings in Whitehall, where he had lived from the time that the king became his patron,' but Vertue rather thought at the duke of Norfolk’s house, in. the priory of Christ church near Aldgate, then called Uuke’s-place. Strype says that he was buried in St. Catherine Cree church; but this seems doubtful.
rnoon-lecturer there; a man of learning and good manners, it is said, but ordained by the presbytery of Antwerp, and warmly attached to the Geneva church discipline
Hooker, having now lost his fellowship by this marriage,
remained without preferment, and supported himself as
well as he could, till the latter end of 1584, when he was
presented by John Cheny, esq. to the rectory of DraytonBeauchamp, in Buckinghamshire, where he led an uncomfortable life with his wife Joan for about a year. In this
situation he received a visit from his friends and pupils
Sandys and Cranmer, who found him with a Horace in his
hand, tending a small allotment of sheep in a common
field; which he told them he was forced to do, because his
servant was gone home to dine, and assist his wife in the
household business. When the servant returned and released him, his pupils attended him to his house, where
their best entertainment was his quiet company, which was
presently denied them, for Richard was called to rock the
cradle, and the rest of their welcome being equally repulsive, they stayed but till the next morning, which was
long enough to discover and pity their tutor’s condition.
At their return to London, Sandys acquainted his father
with Hooker’s deplorable state, who entered so heartily
into his concerns, that he procured him to be made master
of the Temple in 1585. This, though a valuable piece of
preferment, was not so suitable to Hooker’s temper, as the
retirement of a living in the country, where he might be
free from noise; nor did he accept it without reluctance.
At the time when Hooker was chosen master of the Temple,
one Walter Truvers was afternoon-lecturer there; a man
of learning and good manners, it is said, but ordained by
the presbytery of Antwerp, and warmly attached to the
Geneva church discipline and doctrines. Travers had
some hopes of establishing these principles in the Temple,
and for that purpose endeavoured to be master of it; but
not succeeding, gave Hooker all the opposition he couid
in his sermons, many of which were about me doctrine,
discipline, and ceremonies of the church; insomuch that
they constantly withstood each other to the face; for, as
somebody said pleasantly, “The forenoon sermon spake
Canterbury, and the afternoon Geneva.
” The opposition
became so visible, and the consequences so dangerous,
especially in that place, that archbishop Whitgift caused
Travers to be silenced by the high commission court.
Upon that, Travers presented his supplication to the privycouncil, which being without effect, he made it public.
This obliged Hooker to publish an answer, which wa.s inscribed to the archbishop, and procured him as much reverence and respect from some, as it did neglect and
hatred from others. In order therefore to undeceive and
win these, he entered upon his famous work “Of the
Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity ;
” and laid the foundation
and plan of ir, while he was at the Temple. But he found
the Temple no fit place to finish what he had there designed; and therefore intreated the archbishop to remove
him to some quieter situation in the following letter:
hom he learned the rudiments of his art; but his chief instruction was derived from the city-academy of Antwerp. His advances in the science were very great, especially
, an artist of the English school, though of German extraction, was probably born about 1628. His father, a soldier of fortune, came with his wife and this only son into the Netherlands; and that country being then embroiled in a war, procured a colonel’s command, which he enjoyed not many years, dying a natural death at Antwerp. His widow, a prudent woman, so managed her small fortune, as to maintain herself suitably to her husband’s quality, and give her son a liberal education, designing him for a monastery; but early discovering his turn for painting, she, although with reluctance, placed him with a painter, from whom he learned the rudiments of his art; but his chief instruction was derived from the city-academy of Antwerp. His advances in the science were very great, especially in landscape, in which he had the advantage of Mr. Van Lyan’s collection of curious pieces of all the eminent masters of Europe. Here he selected as his favourite models Titian and Salvator Rosa.
is not known. He wrote the history of his own times in six books; the best edition of which is that of Antwerp, in folio, published in 1640. His style is harsh, but
, a celebrated Lombard historian of the
tenth century, was born at Pavia. He was bred in the
court of Hugo king of Italy, and was afterwards secretary
to Berengarius II. by whom, in the year 948, he was sent
ambassador to Cpnstantine Porphyrogenitus. After having long served Berengarius, he was disgraced, merely, as
it is said, because he censured some of the proceedings
with which the latter years of that prince were dishonoured.
His goods were confiscated, and he fled for refuge to Otho
emperor of Germany. Otho amply avenged his cause by
driving Berengarius from the throne; and in the year 963,
advanced Luitprandus to the bishopric of Cremona. In
the year 968 he sent him ambassador to the emperor Nicephorus Phocas. That emperor had taken great offence
that Otho had assumed the style of Roman emperor, and
Luitprandus, who undertook boldly to justify his master,
irritated him so much, that he received very harsh treatment, and was even thrown for a time into prison, nor was
he suffered to return into Italy till the expiration of the
year. The precise time of his death is not known. He
wrote the history of his own times in six books; the best
edition of which is that of Antwerp, in folio, published in
1640. His style is harsh, but he throws great light on the
history of the lower empire. He is among the “Scriptores
return Italicarum,
” published by Muratori. Luitprandus
was one of the bishops who subscribed the condemnation of
pope John XII.; and in the last six chapters of his book, he
gives a distinct account of all ilie transactions of that synod,
which was held at Rome by the bishops of Italy. The
lives of the popes, and the chronicle of the Goths, have
been falsely ascribed to him.
ase me prodigiously, and I hope will be read with great advantage. There is a prior of the monastery of Antwerp, who says he was formerly your pupil, and loves you
But Erasmus, whatever he might think of Luther’s opinions, had neither his impetuosity,' nor his courage. He
contented himself, therefore, with acting and speaking in
his usual strain of moderation, and wrote a letter to the
elector Frederic, in which he declared “his dislike of the
'arts which were employed to make Luther odious; that he
did not know Luther, and so could neither approve nor
condemn his writings, because indeed he had not read
them; that however he condemned the railing at him with
so much violence, because he had submitted himself to the
judgment of those whose office it was to determine, and
man had endeavoured to convince him of his error that
his antagonists seemed rather to seek his death, than his
salvation; that they mistook the matter in supposing, that
all error is heresy; that there are errors in all the writings
of both ancients and moderns; that divines are of different
opinions; that it is more prudent to use moderate, than
violent means; that the elector ought to protect innocency,
and that this was the intent of Leo X.
” Erasmus wrote
also a friendly letter in answer to Luther’s, and told him,
that “his books had raised such an uproar at Louvain, as
it was not possible for him to describe; that he could not
have believed divines could have been such madmen, if he
had not been present, and seen them with his eyes; that,
by defending him, he had rendered himself suspected; that
many abused him as the leader of this faction, so they call
it; that there were many in England, and some at Louvain,
no inconsiderable persons, who highly approved his opinions; that, for his own part, he endeavoured to carry
himself as evenly as he could with all parties, that he might
more effectually serve the interests of learning and religion; that, however, he thought more might be done by
civil and modest means than by intemperate heat and passion;
that it would be better to inveigh against those who abuse
the pope’s authority, than against the popes themselves;
that new opinions should rather be promoted in the way of
proposing doubts and difficulties, than by affirming and deciding peremptorily; that nothing should be delivered with
faction and arrogance; but that the mind, in these cases,
should be kept entirely free from anger, hatred, and vainglory. I say not this,
” says Erasmus, “as if you wanted
any admonitions of this kind, bat only that you may not
want them hereafter, any more than you do at present.
”
When this letter was written, Erasmus and Luther ha<i
never seen each other: it is dated from Louvain, May 30,
151 y; and it is hardly possible to read it without suspecting, that Erasmus was entirely in Luther’s sentiments, if he
had possessed the courage to declare it. He concludes in
these words, which seem to imply as much: “I have dipped
into your commentaries upon the Psalms; they please
me prodigiously, and I hope will be read with great advantage. There is a prior of the monastery of Antwerp, who
says he was formerly your pupil, and loves you most affectionately. He is a truly Christian man, and almost the
only one of his society who preaches Christ, the rest being
attentive either to the fabulous traditions of men, or to their
own profit. I have written to Melarrcthon. The Lord Jesus
pour upon you his spirit, that you may abound more and
more every day, to his glory in the service of the church.
Farewell.
”
putation the most scarce edition of them is that of Rome, 1472, seven vols, folio; and the best that of Antwerp, 1634, six vols. folio. These commentaries are incorporated
, or Lyranus, a celebrated
Franciscan, in the 14th century, and one of the most
learned men of his time, was born of Jewish parents at
Lyre, a town in Normandy, in the diocese of Evreux.
After having been instructed in rabbinical learning, he embraced Christianity, entered among the Franciscans at
Verneuil, 1291, and taught afterwards at Paris with great
credit. He rose by his merit to the highest offices in his
order, and also gained the esteem of the great; queen
Jane, countess of Burgundy, and wife of Philip the Long,
appointed him one of her executors in 1325. He died at
a very advanced age, October 23, 1340, leaving some
“Postils,
” or short Commentaries on the whole Bible,
which were formerly in considerable reputation the most
scarce edition of them is that of Rome, 1472, seven vols,
folio; and the best that of Antwerp, 1634, six vols. folio.
These commentaries are incorporated in the “Biblia Maxima,
” Paris, A Disputation against the
Jews,
” in 8vo, a treatise against a particular rabbi, who
made use of the New Testament to combat Christianity.
These, and his other works not printed, show the author
to have had a much more perfect knowledge of the Holy
Scriptures than was common at that time.
ley then removed into the family of the lady Frances Hyde, wife of sir Edward Hyde, in the same city of Antwerp; and during his residence there, which was three or
, a learned English bishop, first of Worcester and afterwards of Winchester, was sou of Francis Morley, esq. by a sister of sir John Denham, one of the barons of the Exchequer, and born in Cheapside, London, Feb. 27, 1597. He lost his parents when very young, and also his patrimony, by his father being engaged for other people’s debts. However, at fourteen, he was elected a king’s scholar at Westminster-school, and became a student of Christ-church, Oxford, in 1615; where he took the first degree in arts in 1618, and that of M. A. in 1621. After a residence of seven years in this college, he was invited to be chaplain to Robert earl of Carnarvon and his lady, with whom he lived till 1640, without seeking any preferment in the church. At the end of that time, and in his forty-third year, he was presented to the rectory of Hartfield in Sussex, which being a sinecure, he exchanged for the rectory of Mildenhall in Wiltshire; but, before this exchange, Charles I. to whom he was chaplain in ordinary, had given him a canonry of Christ-church, Oxford, in 1641, the only preferment he ever desired; and of which he gave the first year’s profit to his majesty, towards the charge of the war, then begun. In 1642 he took his degree of D. D. and preached one of the first solemn sermons before the House of Commons; but so little to their liking, that he was not commanded to print it, as all the preachers had been. Yet he was nominated one or the assembly of divines, but never appeared among them, as he preferred to remain with the king, and promote his majesty’s interest. Among other services the king employed him to engage the university of Oxford not to submit to the parliamentary visitation; and such was his success, that the convocation had the spirit to pass an act for that purpose, with only one dissenting voice, although they were then under the power of the enemy. Afterwards he was appointed by the university, with other assistants named by himself, to negociate the surrender of the Oxford garrison to the parliamentary forces, which he managed with great address. Such a decided part, however, could not fail to render him obnoxious; and accordingly in 1647, the committee for reforming the university voted his cauonry vacant. He was offered at the same time to hold it and what else he had, if he would give his word not to appear openly against them and their proceedings; but he preferred suffering with his celebrated colleagues Fell, Sanderson, Hammond, &c. Accordingly in 1648 he was deprived of all his preferments, and imprisoned for some little time. Some months before, he ha been permitted to attend upon the king at Newmarket, a one of his chaplains, and he was one of the divines who as sisted the king at the treaty of Newport in the Isle of Wight. In March 1648-9, he prepared the brave lord Capel for death, and accompanied him to the scaffold on Tower-hill. In 1649 he left England, and waited upon king Charles II. at the Hague, who received him very graciously, and carried him first into France, and afterwards to Breda, with him. But, the king not being permitted to take his own divines with him, when he set out upon his expedition to Scotland, in June 1650, Morley withdrew to the Hague; and, after a short stay there, went and lived with his friend Dr. John Earle at Antwerp, in the house of sir Charles Cotterel. After they had thus continued about a year together, sir Charles being invited to be steward to the queen of Bohemia, and Dr. Earle to attend upon James duke of York in France, Morley then removed into the family of the lady Frances Hyde, wife of sir Edward Hyde, in the same city of Antwerp; and during his residence there, which was three or four years, he read the service of the Church of England twice every day, catechised once a week, and administered the communion once a month, to all the English in that city who would attend; as he did afterwards at Breda, for four years together, in the same family. But, betwixt his going from Antwerp and his coming to Breda, he officiated at the Hague about two years, as chaplain to the queen of Bohemia, without expecting or receiving any reward. As he had been happy at home in the acquaintance and friendship of many eminent men, such as lord Falkland, sir Edward Hyde, Dr. Hammond, Dr. Sanderson, Mr. Chillingworth, Dr. Sheldon, Waller, with whom he had resided at Beaconsfield, &c. so he was also abroad, in that of Bochart, Salmasius, Daniel Heinsius, Rivet, &c.
, an artist of Antwerp, came and settled in England when young, and studied
, an artist of Antwerp, came and settled in England when young, and studied under Tillemans, and afterwards copied Watteau, and Panini; conversations, landscapes, and children’s amusements, were his chief works. Lord Cobham, at Stowe, and the earl of Tilney, employed him at their mansions. He died Jan. 21, 1748, leaving a son, who has long enjoyed the well-earned reputation of an admirable statuary.
, a native of Antwerp, was born in 1628, and was educated as a Jesuit. He
, a native of Antwerp, was
born in 1628, and was educated as a Jesuit. He has already been mentioned in our account of Holland us, as the
coadjutor of that writer in the compilation of the “Acta
Sanctorum.
” He died in Acta
Sanctorum,
” we may now mention that the work has been
continued to the fifty-third volume, folio, which appeared
in 1794, but is yet imperfect, as it comes only to October
14th. Brunet informs us that there are very few perfect
copies to be found in France, some of the latter volumes
being destroyed during the revolutionary period. The reprint at Venice, 1734, 42 vols. is of less estimation.
pon the most magnificent scale, and even the building was accounted one of the ornaments of the city of Antwerp, and was so amply furnished with presses, founts of
, an eminent printer, was born at Mont-Louis, near Tours, in 1514. He was instructed in his art at Caen, under Robert Mace, whence he went to Antwerp, and formed by degrees one of the greatest establishments for printing in Europe, and said indeed to be unique in its kind. The whole was upon the most magnificent scale, and even the building was accounted one of the ornaments of the city of Antwerp, and was so amply furnished with presses, founts of letter of all sorts, a foundery, and other matters necessary for the concern, as to have cost an immense sum of money. One of his biographers informs us that Plantin’s ideas were so magnificent as that he cast some founts in silver, and considered himself as having in.that respect done what no other printer had attempted but this is a mistake, as Robert Stephens had before indulged himself in the luxury of silver types, although not so rich a man as Plantin. In 1576 Thuanus paid a visit to Plantin, who, although not now in such good circumstances, still had seventeen presses at work, and the wages of his workmen amounted to 20O florins per day. But what redounds most to his credit was the number of men of learning whom he retained in his service, and rewarded with great liberality for their assistance in correcting the press. Among these were Victor Giselin; Theodore Pulman; Antony Gesdal; Francis Hardouin Cornelius Kilien and Francis Raphelengius, who became his son-in-law. Cornelius Kilien, one of the most learned and accurate of these, spent fifty years in this printing-house. The correctness, therefore, of Plantin’s editions, with such aid, is not much a matter of surprise, and will appear still less so when it is added that he was so fastidious as not altogether to trust to the assistants now mentioned, nor even to rely on his own skill and knowledge, both of which were great, but used also to hang up the proof sheets, after undergoing every possible degree of correction, in some conspicuous place, promising rewards for the detection of errors. In this, likewise, it will be observed, he followed the example of Robert Stephens. Such care on the part of Plantin, with the beauty of his types, and the judicious choice he made of the authors to be printed, gave him very high reputation among the learned of Europe, who are unbounded in their praises of him, particularly Lipsius, Scaliger, Antonio, Baronius, and Arias Montanus, who expatiates on his merits in the introduction to what may be termed Plantin’s capital work, the Antwerp Polyglot. The king of Spain gave him the title of archi-typographus, and accompanied this title with a salary sufficient to support it and his printing-office, and a kind of patent for the printing of certain works, particularly of the religious kind, with which, Bullart says, he almost exclusively served Europe and the Indies.
, which he also enriched with notes and prefaces, and was particularly engaged in the Polyglot Bible of Antwerp, printed in 1571, by order of Philip II. king of Spain.
, a learned writer of the
16th century, and professor of Oriental languages at Leyden,
was born February 27, 1539, at Lanoy, in French Flanders.
He began his studies at Ghent, and after some interruption
from the death of his father, resumed them at Nuremberg
and Paris, where he applied with great assiduity to the
Greek and Hebrew languages, under the ablest masters,
until the civil wars obliged him to go into England, where
he taught Greek at Cambridge, After some time he returned to the Netherlands, and, in 1565, married a daughter
of Christopher Plantin, the celebrated printer, Raphelengius assisted his father-in-law in correcting his books, which
he also enriched with notes and prefaces, and was particularly engaged in the Polyglot Bible of Antwerp, printed
in 1571, by order of Philip II. king of Spain. In 1585 he
settled at Leyden, where Plantin had a printing-office; laboured there with his usual assiduity, and was chosen, for
his learning, to be professor of Hebrew and Arabic in that
university. He died July 20, 1597, aged fifty-eight, le'aving, “Remarks and corrections on the Chalciee Paraphrase;
”
a “Hebrew Grammar;
” a “Chaldee Dictionary,
” in the
Dictionary to the Polyglot of Antwerp; an “Arabic Lexicon,
” Elogia carmine elegiaco in imagines 50 doctorum
virorum,
” Ant.
guished from another landscape painter of the seventeenth century of the same name, who was a native of Antwerp.
Mr. Rysbrach, who had by no means raised a fortune equal to his deserts, before his death made a public sale of his remaining works and models, to which he added a Jarge collection of his own historic drawings, conceived and executed in the true taste of the great Italian masters. Another sale followed his death, which happened Jan. 8, 1770. He had two brothers, Peter Andreas, and G. Rysl>rach, who painted fish, dead fowls, and landscape, with Considerable merit, particularly the elder, who was born it Paris in 1690, and died in England of a consumption in 1743. He must be distinguished from another landscape painter of the seventeenth century of the same name, who was a native of Antwerp.
indebted, was born at Antwerp, Sept. 12, 1552; and educated at Louvain. Upon the taking and sacking of Antwerp in 1577, he retired to Douay; and, after some stay there,
, a very learned German, to whom
the republic of letters has been considerably indebted, was
born at Antwerp, Sept. 12, 1552; and educated at Louvain. Upon the taking and sacking of Antwerp in 1577,
he retired to Douay; and, after some stay there, went to
Paris, where Busbequius received him into his house, and
made him partner of his studies. Two years after, he went
into Spain, and was at first at Madrid; then he removed
to Alcala, and then in 1580 to Toledo, where his great
reputation procured him a Greek professorship. The cardinal Gaspar Quiroga, abp. of Toledo, conceived at the
same time such an esteem for him, that he lodged him in
his palace, and entertained him as long as he remained in
that place. In 1584, he was invited to Saragossa, to teach
rhetoric and the Greek language; and, two years after,
entered into the society of Jesuits, and was called by the
general of the order into Italy to teach rhetoric at Rome,
He continued three years there., and then returned to his
own country, where he spent the remainder of a long life
in study and writing books. He was not only well skilled
in Latin and Greek learning, but had also in him a candour
and generosity seldom to be found among the men of his
order. He had an earnest desire to oblige all mankind, of
what religion or country soever and would freely communicate even with heretics, if the cause of letters could her
served: hence protestant writers every where mention him
with respect. He died at Antwerp Jan. 23, 1629, after
having published a great number of books. Besides works
more immediately connected with and relating to his own
profession, he gave editions of, and wrote notes upon, several of the classics; among which were Aurelius Victor,
Pomponius Mela, Seneca Rhetor, Cornelius Nepos, Vale*
rius Flaccus, &c. He wrote the life of Francis di Borgia,
and “Hispania illustrata,
” 4 vols. folio, hut there are reasons for doubting whether the “Bibliotheca Hispana,
” $
vols. in one, 4to, was a publication of his own; it seems
rather to have been compiled from his Mss. He published,
however, an edition of Basil’s works, and is said to have
translated Photius; but this has been thought to be so much
below the abilities and learning of Schott, that some have
questioned his having been the author of it.
, a Jesuit of Antwerp, known for his skill in the mathematical sciences, published,
, a Jesuit of Antwerp, known for his skill in the mathematical sciences, published, among other things, a good treatise on astronomy; an edition of Euclid’s Elements, with the application of the problems and theorems to practical use. In matters of astronomy, the prejudices of the times seem to have prevented him from more effectually defending the system of Copernicus. He died in 1660. His works were published collectivelv, at Antwerp, in 1669 and 1707, in one volume, folio.
, a Frenchman, famous for his travels, was born at Paris in 1605. His father, who was a native of Antwerp, settled at Paris, and traded very largely in geographical
, a Frenchman, famous
for his travels, was born at Paris in 1605. His father, who
was a native of Antwerp, settled at Paris, and traded very
largely in geographical maps, so that the natural inclination which Tavernier had for travelling was greatly increased, by the conversations which daily passed in his father’s house, concerning foreign countries. He began to
gratify his passion so early, that, at the age of two and
twenty years, he had seen the finest countries of Europe,
France, England, the Low Countries, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Hungary, and Italy. During the space of
forty years he travelled six times into Turkey, Persia, and
the East Indies, and by all the different routes he could
take. In the course of these peregrinations, he gained a
great estate by trading in jewels; and, being ennobled by
Louis XIV. purchased the barony of Aubonne, near the
lake of Geneva, in 1668. He had collected a great number of observations, but he had not learned either to speak
or write well in French; for which reason he was forced
to employ others in drawing up his relations. M. Chappuseau, with whom he lodged at Geneva, lent him his pen
for the two first volumes of his travels; and M. Chapelle
for the third. They have frequently been printed, and
contain several curious particulars; yet not without some
fables, which were told him purely to impose upon his
simplicity. He is charged also with stealing from others
to fill up his own accounts: thus Dr. Hyde, having cited a
very long passage from Tavernier, tells us that “he had
taken it like a downright plagiary from a book printed at
Lyons, 1671, in 8vo, and written by father Gabriel de Chinon, who had lived in Persia thirty years.
”
to be employed in several embassies. He took holy orders, and at length was raised to the bishopric of Antwerp. Hence he was translated to the metropolitical church
, in his native language called
Vander Beken, a very learned man, who flourished not
long after the restoration of letters, was born at Ghent, in
Flanders, in 1525, and educated at Louvain, Thence he
went to Bologna, in order to study the civil law and antiquities; where he so distinguished himself by his skill in
polite literature, and particularly in poetry, that he became
known all over Italy, and acquainted with all the learned of
Rome, Venice, and Padua. He was not only a man of
learning, but of business also; and hence, after returning
to his own country, was thought a fit person to be employed
in several embassies. He took holy orders, and at length
was raised to the bishopric of Antwerp. Hence he was
translated to the metropolitical church of Mechlin, where
he died in 15;<5, at seventy years of age. He* founded a
college of Jesuits at Louvain, the place of his education, to
which he left his library, coins, &c. Besides an octavo
volume of “Latin poems,
” printed by Plantin, at Antwerp,
in Commentaries upon Suetonius and
Horace;
” the former printed in Commentaries.
” Fabricius, speaking of explications and emendations of Horace, says, that he and Lambinus were men of great learning and critical talents, and had carefully consulted the
best manuscripts, but it is thought that Torrentius had intrusted the collation to some person who had not his own
accuracy
judicious. He had so much fame in his profession, that, when the prince of Parma made himself master of Antwerp, he made De Vos a visit, and sat to him. He died at
, a Flemish painter of the sixteenth century, was born at Antwerp in 1520, and was first entered in his profession under his father. Having made himself somewhat eminent in Flanders, he travelled to Venice, Home, and Florence, where he made a collection of curious drawings of several sorts of vases made use of by the old Greeks and Romans at their entertainments, funerals, and sacrifices. At his return into Flanders he painted some of these old festival-solemnities, in which the disposition and lively representation of these vases were very ornamental to his performance. He excelled in most branches of the art, but his drawings in particular, were reckoned some of the best and most serviceable for beginners. His colouring was strong and lively; his design natural and free, and his disposition judicious. He had so much fame in his profession, that, when the prince of Parma made himself master of Antwerp, he made De Vos a visit, and sat to him. He died at Antwerp in 1604, being eighty-four years of age.