Barlow, Thomas
, a very learned divine and bishop
in the seventeenth century, was born at Langhill, in the
parish of Orton, in Westmorland, in 1607; being the son
<*f Mr. Richard Barlow, descended from the ancient family
of Barlow-moore in Lancashire. He had his first education at the free-school at Appleby, in his own country.
From thence being removed, in the sixteenth year of his
age, to Queen’s college in Oxford, he took his degrees in
arts, that of master being completed the 27th of June,
1633, and the same year was chosen fellow of his college.
In 1635, he was appointed metaphysic-reader in the university; and his lectures being much approved of, were
| published in 1637 for the use of the scholars. When
the garrison of Oxford surrendered to the parliament
in 1646, he submitted to the persons then in power and
by tb-^ interest of colonel Thomas Kelsey, deputy governor of that garrison, or more likely by that of Selden or
Dr. Owen, preserved his fellowship, notwithstanding the
parliamentary visitation, of which he gave a ludicrous account, in a pamphlet entitled “Pegasus.” In 1652 he
was elected keeper of the Bodleian library and about
the same time, was made lecturer of Church-hill, near Burford, in Oxfordshire. July 23, 1657, he took his degree of
bachelor in divinity and, in the latter end of the same
year, was chosen provost of his college, on the death of
the learned Dr. Langbaine. After the restoration of king
Charles II. he procured himself to be one of the commissioners, appointed first by the marquis of Hertford, chancellor of the university, and afterwards by the king, for
restoring the members which were ejected in 1648. The
2d of August, 1660, he was not only created doctor in
divinity among the royalists, but also chosen Margaret
professor of divinity, the 1st of September following, upon
the ejection of Henry Wilkinson, senior. He wrote, the
same year, “The case of a Toleration in matters of religion,‘ 7 addressed to the famous Rob. Boyle, esq. in which
that subject fs handled with great candour. In 1661, he was
appointed archdeacon of Oxford, in the room of Dr. Barten Holiday, deceased but he was not installed till June 13,
1664, owing to a contest between him and Dr. Thomas
Lamplugh about thut dignity, which, after having lasted
some time, was at length decided in favour of Dr. Barlow, at the assizes held at Oxford, March 1, 1663-4. Being eminent for his skill in the civil and canon law, he was
often applied to as a casuist, to resolve cases of conscience,
about marriage, &c. And on one of these occasions, in
1671, he wrote” Mr. Cottington’s case of Divorce,“in
which is discussed the validity of his marriage with a lady
whose former husband was living and some years after,
another case of marriage, inserted in his” Genuine remains.“Upon the death of Dr. W. Fuller, bishop of
Lincoln, which happened April 22, 1675, he obtained, the
same day, a grant of that bishopric, at the recommendation of some of the nobility, and chiefly through the interest of the two secretaries of state, Henry Coventry, esq.
and sir Joseph Williamson, both some time of his college,
| and the first formerly his pupil. The 27th of June following, he was consecrated at Ely-house chapel. Archbishop
Sheldon opposed his promotion, though the reasons of it
are not assigned. After his advancement to this see,
bishop Barlow wrote several curious things. They were
generally short, and most of them by way of letter. The
most considerable are these: In 1676,” The original of
Sine Cures >“concerning” Pensions paid out of Churchlivings“and a” Survey of the numbers of Papists within
the province of Canterbury” in 1679, “A letter concerning the Canon Law, allowing the whipping of heretics.”
But he was most distinguished by his writings against
popery the chief of which were, “Popery, or the principles and positions approved by the Church of Rome, &c.
are very dangerous to all,” and “A discourse concerning
the Laws ecclesiastical and civil, made against heretics by
popes, emperors, and kings, provincial and general councils, approved by the Church of Rome,” evidently levelled
against the duke of York. He expressed his zeal against
the papists, not only in writing, but in action. For when,
in 1678, after the discovery of the popish plot, a bill was
brought into parliament, requiring all members of either
house, and all such as might come into the king’s court, or
presence, to take a test against popery our bishop appeared for that bill in the house of lords, and spoke in favour of it. Notwithstanding which we are told, that after
king James II.’s accession to the throne, bishop Barlow
took all opportunities to express his affection, or submission, to him for he sent up an address of thanks to him,
for his first declaration for liberty of conscience, signed by
six hundred of his clergy. He wrote reasons for reading
that king’s second declaration for liberty of conscience
he caused it to be read in his diocese,*
nay, he was
|
prevailed upon to assert and vindicate the regal power of dispensing with penal laws, in an elaborate tract, with numerous quotations from canonists, civilians, and divines.
And yet, after the revolution, he was one of those bishops
who readily voted that king
James had abdicated his kingdoms. He took the oaths to his successors and no bishop
was more ready than he, to fill the places of such clergymen as refused to take the oaths to king William and queen
Mary. There was nothing in this, however, inconsistent
in one who held his sentiments *in favour of toleration. It
is more doubtful that he was entirely addicted to the Aristotelian philosophy, and a declared enemy to the improvements made by the royal society, and to what he called in
general the new philoso’phy. He was, however, a rigid
Calvinist, and the school divinity was that which he most
admired but when his attachment to Calvin’s notions engaged him in a public opposition to some of Mr.
Bull’s
works, he declined a public disputation on the subject.
He has also been blamed for never appearing in his cathedral, nor visiting his diocese in person, but residing constantly at his manor of Bugden but against this he appears to have vindicated himself. His enemies are willing
to allow that he was a good casuist, a man of very exten^
sive learning, an universal lover and favourer of learned
me if, of what country or denomination soever, and a great
master of the whole controversy between the
Protestants
and Papists. He died at Bugden,
October 8, 1691, in the
eighty-fifth year of his age; and was buried the llth of
the said month, on the north side of the chancel belonging to
that church, near the body of Dr.
R. Sanderson, some time
bishop of
Lincoln, and, according to his own desire, in the
grave of Dr.
William Barlow, formerly bishop of the same
see to whose memory, as well as his own, is erected a
monument, with an inscription which he composed himself
a few days before his death. He bequeathed to the
|
Bodleian library, all such books of his own, as were not in that
noble collection at the time of his death and the remainder he gave to Queen’s college in
Oxford, on which the
society erected, in 1694, a noble pile of buildings, on the
west side of their college, to receive them. All his manuscripts, of his own composition, he left to his two domestic
chaplains, William Otfley and Henry Brougham, prebendaries of
Lincoln, with a particular desire that they
would not make any of them public after his decease.
Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote against
popery, 1.'“
Confutation of the infallibility of the church
of Rome,” written in 167S. 2. “
A letter to J. Evelyn,
esq. concerning invocation of Saints, and adoration of the
Cross,”
London,
1679, 4 to. 3. The same year he reprinted in 8vo, “
The Gun-powder Treason, with a discourse of the manner of its discovery, &c.” printed at first
in
1606, and placed in the beginning of it, “
A preface
touching that horrid conspiracy, dated Feb. 1, 1678-9.”
4. “
Brutum Fulmen, or the bull of pope Pius Sextus
against queen Elizabeth,”
1681, 4tn. 5. “
Whether the
pope be Antichrist, &c.” 6. “
A few plain reasons why
a Protestant of the church of England should not turn
Roman catholic,”
1688. Some sheets of this, not being
licensed, were omitted. Besides these, he is the author of
the following 7. “
Pietas in Patrem, or a few tears upon
the lamented death of his most dear and loving Father
Richard Barlow, late of Langhill in Westmorland, who
died December 29, 1636,”
Oxford,
1637, 4to. 8. “
A
letter to Mr. John Goodwin, concerning Universal Redemption, by J. Christ,”
1651. 9. “
For toleration of the Jews,”
3655. 10. “
A letter to Mr. John Tombes in defence of
Anabaptism, inserted in one of Tombes’s books.” 11. “
A
tract to prove that true grace doth not lie so much in the
degree, as in the nature.” This also is inserted in a book,
entitled
Sincerity and Hypocrisy, &c. written by William
Sheppard, esq. 12. “
The Rights of the Bishops to judge
in capital eases in parliament cleared, &c.” Lond.
1680.
Dr. Barlow did not set his name to this, and it was by some
ascribed to Tho. Turner of Gray’s-inn. 13. “
A letter (to his clergy) for the putting in execution the Laws against
Dissenters, written in concurrence to that which was drawn
up by the justices of the peace of the county of Bedford,
at the quarter-sessions held at Ampthill for the said county,
Jan. 14, 1684.” After his decease, sir Peter Pett
| lisbed in
1692, 8vo, “
Several miscellaneous and weighty
cases of conscience, learnedly and judiciously resolved by
the right rev. father in God, Dr. T ho. Barlow, late lord
bishop of Lincoln.” Sir Peter published also in
1693,
Lond. 8vo, 14. “
The genuine Remains of that learned
prelate, Dr. Thomas Barlow, late lord bishop of Lincoln,
containing divers discourses, theological, philosophical,
historical, &c. in letters to several persons of honour and
quality.” But these two volumes being published without
the knowledge or consent of the bishop’s two chaplains
above-mentioned, to whom he had left all his manuscripts,
with orders that they should not be published, they severely
Reflected upon the publisher, for the unwarrantable liberty
he had taken.
1
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Works found by this author (or others with similar names) in the Early English Books Online Collection:
Pietas in patrem, or a few teares vpon the lamented death of his most deare, and loving father Richard Barlow late of Langill in VVestmooreland, who dyed December 29. Ann. 1636. By Thomas Barlow Master of Arts, Fellow of Queenes Coll. in Oxon and eldest sonne of his deceased father. (1637) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
A Christian admonition or friendly exhortation, sent to William Lawd, lace [i.e. late] Arch-bishop of Canterbury, now prisoner in the Tower ... by T.B. (1641) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Pegasus, or, The flying horse from Oxford bringing the proceedings of the visitours and other Bedlamites there, by command of the Earle of Mongomery. (1648) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
The triall of a black-pudding. Or, The unlawfulness of eating blood proved by Scriptures, before the law, under the law, and after the law. By a well wisher to ancient truth. (1652) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Bishop Barlow's state of the case, whether any books may be lent out of Sir Thomas Bodley's library? Occasioned by Mr. Selden's soliciting the University for certain MSS. out of it. (1670) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Articles of visitation & enquiry concerning matters ecclesiastical, exhibited to the ministers, church-wardens, and sidemen, of every parish within the diocess of Lincoln, at the primary visitation of the Right Reverend Father in God, Thomas, Lord Bishop of that diocess (1679) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Popery, or, The principles & positions approved by the Church of Rome (when really believ'd and practis'd) are very dangerous to all and to Protestant kings and supreme powers, more especially pernicious, and inconsistent with that loyalty, which (by the law of nature and scripture) is indispensably due to supreme powers, in a letter to a person of honor / by T. Ld Bishop of Lincoln. (1679) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
The Gunpowder-treason with a discourse of the manner of its discovery, and a perfect relation of the proceedings against those horrid conspirators, wherein is contained their examinations, tryals, and condemnations : likewise King James's speech to both houses of Parliament on that occasion, now reprinted : a preface touching that horrid conspiracy, by the Right Reverend Father in God, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Lincoln : and by the way of appendix, several papers or letters of Sir Everard Digby, chiefly relating to the gunpowder-plot, never before printed. (1679) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
A letter concerning invocations of saints, and adoration of the cross writ ten years since, to John Evelyn of Depthford, esq. / by Dr. Barlow ... (1679) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Discourse of the peerage & jurisdiction of the Lords spirituall in Parliament proving from the fundamental laws of the land, the testimony of the most renowned authors, and the practice of all ages : that have no right in claiming any jurisdiction in capital matters. (1679) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
That the bishops in England may and ought to vote in cases of blood written in the late times upon occasion of the Earl of Straffords case / by [a] learned pen ; with some answers to the objections of the then Bishop of Lincoln, against bishops voting in Parliament. (1680) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
The original of kingly and ecclesiastical government by T.B. ... (1681) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Brutum fulmen, or, The bull of Pope Pius V concerning the damnation, excommunication, and deposition of Q. Elizabeth as also the absolution of her subjects from their oath of allegiance, with a peremptory injunction, upon pain of an anathema, never to obey any of her laws or commands : with some observations and animadversions upon it / by Thomas Lord Bishop of Lincoln ; whereunto is annexed the bull of Pope Paul the Third, containing the damnation, excommunication, &c. of King Henry the Eighth. (1681) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
A discourse concerning the laws ecclesiastical and civil made against hereticks by popes, emperors and kings, provincial and general councils, approved by the church of Rome with a preface against persecuting and destroying hereticks / by a cordial friend to the Protestant religion now by law established in these realms. (1682) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
A few plain reasons why a Protestant of the Church of England should not turn Roman Catholick by a real Catholick of the Church of England. (1688) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Several miscellaneous and weighty cases of conscience learnedly and judiciously resolved / by the Right Reverend Father in God, Dr. Thomas Barlow ... (1692) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
The genuine remains of that learned prelate Dr. Thomas Barlow, late Lord Bishop of Lincoln containing divers discourses theological, philosophical, historical, &c., in letters to several persons of honour and quality : to which is added the resolution of many abstruse points published from Dr. Barlow's original papers. (1693) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.
Autoschediasmata, De studio theologiae, or, Directions for the choice of books in the study of divinity written by ... Dr. Thomas Barlow ... ; publish'd from the original manuscript, by William Offley ... (1699) by Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691.