Morton, Thomas
, a learned English bishop in the
seventeenth century, was of the same family with cardinal
|
Morton, and was the sixth son of nineteen children of Mr.
Richard Morton, an eminent mercer and alderman of York,
by Elizabeth Leedale his wife. He was born at York,
March 20, 1564, and was 6rst educated there under Mr. Pullen, and afterwards at Halifax under Mr. Maud. In 1582
he was sent to St. John’s college in Cambridge, and placed
under the tuition of Mr. Anthony Higgon, afterwards dean
of Rippon, who left him to the care of Mr. Henry Nelson,
afterwards rector of Hougham ia Lincolnshire, who lived
to see his pupil bishop of Durham, and many years after.
In the beginning of November 1584, he was chosen to a
scholarship of Constable’s foundation, peculiar to his native county of York; and in 1586 took the degree of bachelor of arts, and in 1590 that of master, having performed the exercises requisite to each degree with great
applause. He continued his studies at his father’s charge
until March 17, 1592, when he was admitted fellow, of the
foundation of Dr. Keyson, merely on account of his merit,
against eight competitors for the place. About the same
time he was chosen logic lecturer of the university, which,
office he discharged with ^reat skill and diligence, as appeared from his lectures found among his papers. The
same year he was ordained deacon, and the year following
priest by Richard Rowland, bishop of Peterborough. He
continued five years after this in the college, pursuing his
private studies, and instructing pupils. In 1598 he took
the degree of bachelor of divinity; and ahout the same
year was presented to the rectory of Long Marston four
miles from York. He was afterwards made chaplain to the
earl of Huntingdon, lord president of the North, who selected him for his zeal and acuteness in disputing with the
Romish recusants. It was queen Elizabeth’s command to
his lordship, to prefer arguments to force with these people: and this she expressed, as the earl used to say, in the
words of scripture, “Nolo mortem peccatoris.” Afterwards, when lord Huntingdon was dead, and lord Sheffield
was appointed lord president, Morton held a public conference before his lordship and the council, at the manor-,
house at York, with two popish recusants, then prisoners
in the castle. In 1602, when the plague raged in that
city, he behaved with the greatest charity and resolution.
The year following, the lord Eure being appointed ambassador-extraordinary to the emperor of Germany, and king
of Denmark, Morton attended him as chaplain, along with
| Mr. Richard Crakenthorp, and took this opportunity * to
make a valuable collection of books, as well as to visit the
universities of Germany. At his return he became chapJain to Roger earl of Rutland, and was afterwards presented
by archbishop Matthews to a prebend in the cathedral of
York. In 1606 he took the degree of doctor of divinity;
and about the same time was sworn chaplain in ordinary to
king James I. and preferred to the deanery of Gloucester,
June 22, 1607. While he was dean there, the lord Eure
above mentioned, then lord president of Wales, appointed
him one of his majesty’s council for the marches. In 1609,
he was removed to the deanery of Winchester; and while
there, the bishop (Bilson) collated him to the rectory of
Alesford. In the same year, Dr. Sutcliff, dean of Exeter,
founding a college at Chelsea, for divines to be employed
in defending the protestant religion against the papists, he
was appointed one of the fellows. About this time, he
became acquainted with Isaac Casaubon. In 1615, he
was advanced to the see of Chester and, in 1618, to that
of Lichfield and Coventry about which time he became
acquainted with Antonio de Dominis, abp. of Spalato,
whom he endeavoured to dissuade from returning to Rome.
The archbishop’s pretence for going thither was, to attempt
an unity between the church of Rome and that of England, upon those terms which he had laid down in his
book entitled “De Repnblica Christiana.”
While Morton sat in the see of Coventry and Lichfield,
which was above fourteen years, he educated, ordained,
and presented to a living, a youth of excellent talents and
memory, who was born blind.†
He also acquired no little
| reputation by detecting the imposture of the famous boy of
Bilson in
Staffordshire, who pretended to be possessed with
a devil; but who, in reality, was only suborned by some
Romish priests, to assume the appearance of possession,
according to the common notions of it, for the sake of promoting their own private purposes. In 1632, he was translated to the bishopric of
Durham, which he held with great
reputation till the opening of the Long-parliament, when he
met with great insults from the common people, and was
once in extreme hazard of his life at
Westminster, some
crying, “
Pirll him out of his coach” others, “
Nay, he
is a good man” others, “
But for all that he is a bishop.”
He used often to say that he believed he should not have
escaped alive, if a ringleader among the rabble had not
cried out, “
let him go and hang himself.” He was then
committed to the custody of the usher of the black rod;
and, as Whitlocke tells us, “
April 1645, was brought before the Commons for christening a child in the old way,
and signing it with the sign of the cross, contrary to the
directory; and, because he refused to deliver up the seal
of the county-palatine of Durham, he was committed to
the Tower.” Here he continued six months, and then returned to his lodgings at Durham-house; the parliament,
upon the dissolution of the bishoprics, voted him an annuity. Whitlocke informs us, that, in
May 1649, an ordinance passed for 800
l. per annum to bishop Morton; but
Barwick observes, that, while he^vas able to subsist without it, he never troubled himself with looking after it;
and, at last, when he had no alternative but to claim this,
or be burthcnsome to his friends, he determined upon the
former, and procured a copy of the vote, but found it to
contain no more than that such a sum should be paid, but
no mention either by whom or whence. And before he
could obtain an explanation of the order to make the pension payable out of the revenues of his own bishopric, all
the lands and revenues of it were sold or divided among
members of parliament themselves. Only by the importunity of his friends he procured an order to have a thousand pounds out of their treasury at Goldsmitbs’-hall, with
which he paid his debts, and purchased to himself an annuity of 200
l. per annum, during life; which annuity was
out of the Old and New Testament, he over to him. He died at about twentycotnmitted them perfectly to memory, six years of a$e,
iipon his uncle’s twice reading them
| granted at first by the lady Saville, in the minority of her
son sir George, and afterwards confirmed by himself when
he came to be of age. At last he was obliged to quit
Durham-yard, by the soldiers who came to garrison it, a
little before the death of Charles I.; and then went to
Exeter-house in the Strand, at the invitation of the earl of
Rutland, where he continued but a short time. After several removals, he took up his abode with sir Henry Yelverton, at Easton Mauduit in Northamptonshire, where he
died Sept. 22, 1659, in his ninety-fifth year. His funeral
sermon was preached by Dr. John Barwick, afterwards dean
of St. Paul’s, and printed at London, in 1660, under this
title, “Ιερονικησ: or, The Fight, Victory, and Triumph,
of St. Paul, accommodated to the Right Rev. Father in
God, Thomas, late Lord Bishop of Duresme.”
Bishop Morton was of low stature, but of an excellent
constitution, which he preserved to the last. Dr. Barwick represents him as a man of extensive learning, great
piety, hospitality, and charity, and of great temperance
and moderation in matters of controversy. He carried on
an extensive correspondence with the learned men of his
time, and was himself distinguished for his liberal patronage of such. He was particularly the friend and patron of
the celebrated Dr. Donne. On one occasion he gave
Donne a sum of money, saying, “Here Mr. Donne, take
this, gold is restorative:” Donne replied, “Sir, I doubt I
shall never restore it back again.” Bishop Morton! s greatest
blemish seems to have been his acceding to, or, in truth, in
some measure drawing up, king James’s declaration, usually
called the "Book of Sports/’ allowing and enjoining public amusements on Sunday, by way of counteracting the
endeavours of the popish party, who countenanced such
amusements in order to draw the people from the church,
By this declaration, the appearing at church was made a
qualification for the sports, an absurdity so gross, as to be
equalled only by the injustice of compelling clergymen to
proclaim it in the pulpit. The readers will find this curious law in the note*, and we are sorry to add, on the
* 1. " That all unlawful games coming: to church or divine service,
should be prohibited on Sundays, as shall be barred from this benefit and
bear and bull-baiting, interludes, and liberty; they being therefore unworthy
bowling at all times by law prohibited of any lawful recreation after the said
to the meaner sort of people." 2. service, that will not first conie to
*'That all such known recusants, either church and serve God.“3.” All thaty
tpaen or women, as abstained from though conformists in religion, are not
| uthority of Dr. Barwick, that all the articles but one,
which he thinks was the first, were originally drawn up by
bishop Morton.
The works of this prelate were, 1. “Apologia Catholica,” parti. Lond. 1605, 4to, dedicated to Dr. Richard
Bancroft, archbishop of Canterbury. 2. “An exact Discovery of Romish Doctrine in the case of Conspiracy and
Rebellion or Romish Positions and Practices,” &c. Lond.
1605, 4to, occasioned by the discovery of the gunpowdertreason-plot. 3. “Apologia Catholica,” part II. Lond.
1606, 4to. 4. “A full Satisfaction concerning a double
Romish Iniquitie, hainous Rebellion, and more than heathenish Æquivocation containing three parts. The two
former belong to the Reply upon the Moderate Answer: the
first for confirmation of the discovery in these two points,
treason and equivocation; the second is a justification of
protestants touching the same points. The third part is a
large discourse confuting the reasons and grounds of other
priests, both in the case of rebellion and ^equivocation:
published by authoritie,” Lond. 1606, 4to. Father Robert
Parsons, the Jesuit, undertook to vindicate his friend, the
writer of the “Moderate Answer:” in a book published
under the name of P. R. and entitled “ATreatise, tending
to Mitigation towards Catholic subjects in England, against
Tho. Morton,” 1607, 4to. To this our author returned an
answer, entitled, 5. “A Preamble unto an Incounter with,
P. R. the author of the deceitful Treatise of Mitigation,”
Lond. 1608, 4to. To this book and some others of our
present at church at the service of at that time, as they were then wrought
God before their going to the sniJ re- upon by some emissaries of the Romish
creations," were also debarred that party, will easily see and grant, that
liberty. 4. " Ah such as, in abuse of this was in all probability the likeliest,
this liberty, should use these exercises course to bring them io church to serve
before the end of all divine services for God, and to be instructed out of his
that day, were to be presented and word; and consequently to stop the
sharply punished.“3.” That every current both of popery and prophaneperson should resort to his own parish- ness, by allowing them a small latitude
church to hear divine service." 6. for innocent recreations thus limited
"That each parish by itself should and bounded. . All the arguments
use the said recreation after divine ser- I could erer yet see urged against the
vice.“7.” That no offensive wea- lawfulness of what is permitted by this
pons should be carried or used in the declaration (taking it as it is still, and said times of recreation." Dr. Bar- ever was restrained by these limitawick, who shews as much want of tions and conditions), are grounded up.
judgment as the bishop, observes; on no other bottom for the most pait,
"that he that shall duly consider these tban the bare name of Sabbath, as it
restrictions, and compare them with is applied, or misapplied to the Lord’s
the temper of the people ia those parts Day“| author, father Parsons having made a reply under the title
of” A sober Reckoning with Mr. Tho. Morton,“printed
in 160y, 4to; the latter wrote, 6.” The Encounter against
Mr. Parsons,“Lond. 1609, 4to. 7.” An Answer to the
scandalous Exceptions of Theophiltis Higgons,“London,
1609, 4to. 8.” A Catholike Appeale for Protestants out
of the Confessions of the Romane Doctors, particularly
answering the misnamed Catholike Apologie for the Romane Faith out of the Protestants*, manifesting the antiquitie of our Religion, and satisfying all scrupulous objections, which have been urged against it,“Lond, 1610, fol.
He was engaged in writing this work by archbishop Bancroft, as he observes in his dedication; and Dr. Thomas
James took the pains to examine some of his quotations in
the Bodleian library. It has never yet been answered. 9.” A Defence of the Innocencie of the three Ceremonies
of the Church of England, viz. the Surplice, Crosse after
Baptisme, and Kneeling at the receiving of the blessed
Sacrament. Divided into two parts. In the former whereof
the generall arguments urged by the nonconformists, and
in the latter part their particular accusations against these
three ceremonies, are severally answered and refuted. Published by authority.“Second edit. London, 1619, in 4to.
This was attacked by an anonymous author, generally supposed to be Mr. William Ames; which occasioned a Defence of it, written by Dr. John Burges of Sutton Colefield in Warwickshire, and printed at London in 1631, 4to,
under the title of” An Answer to a Pamphlet entitled A
Reply to Dr. Morton’s general Defence of three innocent
Ceremonies.“10.” Causa Regia,“London, 1620, 4to,
written against cardinal Be) tannin’s book,” De Officio
Principis Christiani.“11.” The Grand Imposture of the
now Church of Rome, concerning this Article of their
Creed, The holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Church.“The second edition enlarged was printed at London in
1628, 4to. There was an answer published to this, under
the name of J. S. and entitled” Anti-Mortonns.“12.” Of
the Institution of the Sacrament, &c. by some called the
Mass,“&c. Lond. 1631, reprinted with additions in 1635,
folio. As some strictures were published on the first edition by a Romish author, under the name of an English
baron, Dr. Morton replied in, 13.” A Discharge of five
| Imputations of Mis- allegations charged upon the bishop of
Duresme by an English baron,“
London, 1633, 8vo. 14.” Antidotum adversus Ecclesiae
Romans de Merito ex:
Condigno Venenum,“
Cambridge, 1637, 4to. 15.”
Replica sive Refutatio Confutationis
C.
R.“
Lond. 1638, 4to.
This is an answer to a piece published by C. R. who was
supposed to be the bishop of Chakedon, against the first
part of our author’s Catholic Apology. 16. A Sermon
preached before the king at Newcastle, upon Rom. xiii. 1.
Lond. 1639, 4to. 17.” De Eucharistia Controversiae Decisio,“
Cambridge, 1640, 4to. 18.”
A Sermon on the
Resurrection,“
preached at the Spittle in London April 26.
Lond. 1641, 8vo. 1.9. A Sermon preached at St. Paul’s
June 19, 1642, upon 1 Cor. xi. 16. and entitled” The Presentment of a Schismatic.!*,“
” Lond. 1642, 4to. 20. “
Confessions and Proofs of Protestant Divines,” &c.
Oxford,
1644, 4to, published without his name or knowledge of it,
and written in defence of episcopal government, and sent
to archbishop Usher, who committed it to the press with
some other excellent collections of his own upon the same
subject. 21. “
Ezekiel’s Wheels,” &c. Lond.
1653, in 8vo.
The subject of this book is meditations upon God’s
Providence. Besides these printed works, he left a considerable number of manuscripts, “
some in my custody,” says
Dr. Barwick, “
which 1 found by him at his death; and some
(that I hear of) in the hands of others: all of them once
intended for the press, whereof some have lost their first
perfection by the carelessness and negligence of some that
should have kept them others want his last hand and eye
to perfect them and others only a seasonable time to publish them. And he might and would have left many more,
considering how vigorous his parts were even in his extreme
old age, if the iniquity of the times had not deprived him
of most of his notes and papers.” Among these unpublished
Mss. were: 1. “
Tractatus de externo Judice iniallibili ad Doctores Pontificios, imprimis vero ad Sacerdotes Wisbicenses.” 2. “
Tractatus de Justificatione.”
Two copies, both imperfect. 3. “
Some Papers written
upon the Controversy between bishop Montague and the
Gagger.” 4. “
A Latin edition of his book called the
Grand Imposture.” Imperfect. 5. Another edition of both
the parts of his book called “
Apologia Catholica.” 6. “
An
Answer to J. S. his Anti-Mortonus.” Imperfect. 7. His
treatise concerning
Episcopacy above mentioned, revised
| and enlarged. 8.
A treatise concerning Prayer in art tinknown tongue. 9.
A Defence of Infants 1
Baptism against
Mr. Tombes and others. 10. Several Sermons. II. “
A
Kelation of the Conference held at York by our author,
with Mr. Young and Mr. Stillington; and a further confutation of R. G. in defence of the Articles of the church
of England.” Almost the last act of his life was to procure
from the few remaining bishops in
England, a refutation
of the fable of the Nag’s Head ordination, which was revived by some of the popish persuasion in 1658. What he
procured on the subject was afterwards published by bishop
Uramhai.
1
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Works found by this author (or others with similar names) in the Early English Books Online Collection:
An exact discoverie of Romish doctrine in the case of conspiracie and rebellion by pregnant obseruations: collected (not without direction from our superiours) out of the expresse dogmaticall principles of popish priests and doctors. (1605) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A full satisfaction concerning a double Romish iniquitie; hainous rebellion, and more then heathenish æquiuocation Containing three parts: the two former belong to the reply vpon the Moderate Answerer; the first for confirmation of the discouerie in these two points, treason and æquiuocation: the second is a iustification of Protestants, touching the same points. The third part is a large discourse confuting the reasons and grounds of other priests, both in the case of rebellion, and æquiuocation. Published by authoritie. (1606) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A preamble vnto an incounter with P.R. the author of the deceitfull treatise of mitigation concerning the Romish doctrine both in question of rebellion and aequiuocation: by Thomas Morton. Published by authoritie.Preamble unto an incounter with P.R. the author of the deceitfull treatise of mitigation. (1608) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A catholike appeale for Protestants, out of the confessions of the Romane doctors particularly answering the mis-named Catholike apologie for the Romane faith, out of the Protestants: manifesting the antiquitie of our religion, and satisfying all scrupulous obiections which haue bene vrged against it. Written by Th. Morton Doctor of Diuinitie. (1609) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A direct answer vnto the scandalous exceptions, which Theophilus Higgons hath lately obiected against D. Morton In the which there is principally discussed, two of the most notorious obiections vsed by the Romanists, viz. 1. M. Luthers conference with the diuell, and 2. The sence of the article of Christ his descension into hell. (1609) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The encounter against M. Parsons, by a revievv of his last sober reckoning, and his exceptions vrged in the treatise of his mitigation. Wherein moreouer is inserted: 1. A confession of some Romanists, both concerning the particular falsifications of principall Romanists, as namely, Bellarmine, Suarez, and others: as also concerning the generall fraude of that curch, in corrupting of authors. 2. A confutation of slaunders, which Bellarmine vrged against Protestants. 3. A performance of the challenge, which Mr. Parsons made, for the examining of sixtie Fathers, cited by Coccius for proofe of Purgatorie ... 4. A censure of a late pamphlet, intituled, The patterne of a Protestant, by one once termed the moderate answerer. 5. An handling of his question of mentall equiuocation (after his boldnesse with the L. Cooke) vpon occasion of the most memorable, and feyned Yorkeshire case of equiuocating; and of his raging against D. Kings sermon. Published by authoritie (1610) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A defence of the innocencie of the three ceremonies of the Church of England viz. the surplice, crosse after baptisme, and kneeling at the receiuing of the blessed Sacrament. Diuided into two parts: in the former whereof the generall arguments vrged by the non-conformists; and, in the second part, their particular accusations, against these III. ceremonies seuerally, are answered, and refuted. Published by authoritie. (1618) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The grand imposture of the (now) Church of Rome manifested in this one article of the new Romane creede, viz: the holy, catholike, and apostolike Romane Church, mother and mistresse of all other churches, without which there is no saluation. Proued to ba a new, false, sacrilegious, scandalous, schismaticall, hereticall, and blasphemous article (respectiuely) and euerie way damnable. The last chapter containeth a determination of the whole question, concerning the separation of Protestants from the present Church of Rome: whereby may be discerned whether side is to be accounted schismaticall, or may more iustly pleade soules saluation. By the B. of Couentrie & Lichfield. (1626) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
Of the institution of the sacrament of the blessed bodie and blood of Christ, (by some called) the masse of Christ eight bookes; discovering the superstitious, sacrilegious, and idolatrous abominations of the Romish masse. Together with the consequent obstinacies, overtures of perjuries, and the heresies discernable in the defenders thereof. By the R. Father in God Thomas L. Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. (1631) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A discharge of five imputations of mis-allegations, falsly charged upon the (now) Bishop of Duresme, by an English baron Shewing, that no solid or reall answer is to be expected, from the Romish party, to his late booke (against their Masse) so greatly maligned by them. (1633) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
New English Canaan, or New Canaan containing an abstract of New England, composed in three bookes : the first booke setting forth the originall of the natives, their manners and customes, together with their tractable nature and love towards the English : the second booke setting forth the naturall indowments of the countrie, and what staple commodities it yeeldeth : the third booke setting forth what people are planted there, their prosperity, what remarkable accidents have happened since the first planting of it, together with their tenents, and practise of their church / written by Thomas Morton ... (1637) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A sermon preached before the Kings most excellent Majestie, in the cathedrall church of Durham Upon Sunday, being the fifth day of May. 1639. By the Right Reverend Father in God, Thomas Lord Bishop of Duresme. Published by his Majesties speciall command. (1639) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
A vindication of the Bishop of Dvrham from the vile and scandalovs calvmnies of a libell intitvled The downfall of hierarchie, &c. (1641) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
Good counsells for the peace of reformed churches by some reverend and learned bishops and other divines ; translated out of Latine. (1641) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The presentment of a schismaticke by Thomas, Lord Bishop of Dvrham ; in his sermon preached at the cathedrall church of Saint Pauls the 19 of Iune, 1642. (1642) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The necessity of Christian subjection. Demonstrated, and proved by the doctrine of Christ, and the Apostles; the practice of primitive Christians, the rules of religion, cases of conscience, and consent of latter orthodox divines, that the power of the King is not of humane, but of divine right; and that God onely is the efficient cause thereof. Whereunto is added, an appendix of all the chief objections that malice it selfe could lay upon His Majestie, with a full answer to every particular objection. Also a tract intituled, Christus Dei, wherein is proved that our Soveraign Lord the King is not onely major singulis, but major universis. (1643) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The opinions of certaine reverend and learned divines concerning the fundamentall points of the true Protestant religion, and the right government of reformed churches Wherein is declared the plaine path-way to a godly and religious life. Published by authoritie.Good counsells for the peace of reformed churches. (1643) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The necessity of Christian subjection demonstrated, and proved by the doctrine of Christ, and the apostles, the practice of primitive Christians, the rules of religion, cases of conscience, and consent of latter Orthodox divines, that the power of the King is not of humane, but of divine right, and that God onely is the efficient cause thereof : whereunto is added, an appendix of all the chief objections that malice is selfe could lay upon His Majestie, with a full answer to every particular objection : also a tract intituled, Christvs Dei : wherein is proved that our Soveraign Lord the King is not onely major singulis, but major universis. (1643) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
Confessions and proofes of Protestant divines of reformed churches, that episcopacy is in respect of the office according to the word of God, and in respect of the use the best. Together, with a briefe treatise touching the originall of bishops and metropolitans (1644) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
The Lords Supper or, A vindication of the sacrament of the blessed body and blood of Christ according to its primitive institution. In eight books; discovering the superstitious, sacrilegious, and idolatrous abomination of the Romish Master. Together with the consequent obstinacies, overtures of perjuries, and the heresies discernable in the defenders thereof. By Thomas Morton B.D. Bp. of Duresme. (1656) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
Confessions and proofes of Protestant divines of reformed churches that episcopacy is in respect of the office according to the word of God, and in respect of the use the best : together with a brief treatise touching the originall of bishops and metropolitans. (1662) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.
Episkopos apostolikos, or, The episcopacy of the Church of England justified to be apostolical from the authority of the antient primitive church, and from the confessions of the most famous divines of the reformed churches beyond the seas : being a full satisfaction in this cause, as well for the necessity, as for the just right thereof, as consonant to the word of God / by ... Thomas Morton ... ; before which is prefixed a preface to the reader concerning this subject, by Sir Henry Yelverton, Baronet. (1670) by Morton, Thomas, 1564-1659.